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    Publication
    Open Access
    Journal Article
    Changes in genomic predictions when new information is added
    (Oxford University Press, 2021-02-01)
    Hidalgo, Jorge
    ;
    Lourenco, Daniela
    ;
    Tsuruta, Shogo
    ;
    Masuda, Yutaka
    ;
    ;
    Bermann, Matias
    ;
    Garcia, Andre L S
    ;
    Misztal, Ignacy

    The stability of genomic evaluations depends on the amount of data and population parameters. When the dataset is large enough to estimate the value of nearly all independent chromosome segments (~10K in American Angus cattle), the accuracy and persistency of breeding values will be high. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in estimated breeding values (EBV) and genomic EBV (GEBV) across monthly evaluations for 1 yr in a large genotyped population of beef cattle. The American Angus data used included 8.2 million records for birth weight, 8.9 for weaning weight, and 4.4 for postweaning gain. A total of 10.1 million animals born until December 2017 had pedigree information, and 484,074 were genotyped. A truncated dataset included animals born until December 2016. To mimic a scenario with monthly evaluations, 2017 data were added 1 mo at a time to estimate EBV using best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) and GEBV using single-step genomic BLUP with the algorithm for proven and young (APY) with core group fixed for 1 yr or updated monthly. Predictions from monthly evaluations in 2017 were contrasted with the predictions of the evaluation in December 2016 or the previous month for all genotyped animals born until December 2016 with or without their own phenotypes or progeny phenotypes. Changes in EBV and GEBV were similar across traits, and only results for weaning weight are presented. Correlations between evaluations from December 2016 and the 12 consecutive evaluations were ≥0.97 for EBV and ≥0.99 for GEBV. Average absolute changes for EBV were about two times smaller than for GEBV, except for animals with new progeny phenotypes (≤0.12 and ≤0.11 additive genetic SD [SDa] for EBV and GEBV). The maximum absolute changes for EBV (≤2.95 SDa) were greater than for GEBV (≤1.59 SDa). The average(maximum) absolute GEBV changes for young animals from December 2016 to January and December 2017 ranged from 0.05(0.25) to 0.10(0.53) SDa. Corresponding ranges for animals with new progeny phenotypes were from 0.05(0.88) to 0.11(1.59) SDa for GEBV changes. The average absolute change in EBV(GEBV) from December 2016 to December 2017 for sires with ≤50 progeny phenotypes was 0.26(0.14) and for sires with >50 progeny phenotypes was 0.25(0.16) SDa. Updating the core group in APY without adding data created an average absolute change of 0.07 SDa in GEBV. Genomic evaluations in large genotyped populations are as stable and persistent as the traditional genetic evaluations, with less extreme changes.

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    Publication
    Journal Article
    Learning to be a doctoral supervisor: Experiences and views of nurse supervisors of higher degree research students
    (Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2021-04) ;
    Power, Tamara
    ;

    Aims and objectives: Given the importance of doctoral training to the future of the discipline, we sought to gain insight into nurse doctoral supervisor's experiences of supervision training and preparation and their views on what quality training for doctoral supervisors in nursing would look like.

    Background: Doctorally prepared nurses have been found to contribute significantly to improvements in knowledge to inform patient care; yet there is little focus on the development of this aspect of the nursing workforce, and little evaluation of supervisor training, confidence and competence.

    Design: Qualitative storytelling, semi-structured interviews were conducted via a videoconferencing programme, audio-recorded and thematically analysed with twentyone experienced nurse doctoral supervisors. Findings are reported in line with the COREQ guidelines.

    Results: Thematic analysis revealed four themes: ‘I had a great mentor’: the importance of mentorship and role modelling; ‘Sometimes it's just trial and error’: learning through experience; ‘It's like tick a box’: strengths and limitations of formal supervisor training; and ‘The training should be more holistic’: what should be in supervisor training.

    Conclusions: We recommend doctoral supervisors be encouraged to seek mentoring for supervision, formal mentoring and clinical supervision for the first five completions and the formation of discipline-based supervisor learning groups in nursing as an adjunct to generic mandatory supervisor training.

    Relevance to clinical practice: Further development of clinical nursing is inextricably linked to quality nurse-led research, and doctorally prepared nurses are essential to the continued development of nursing as an evidence-informed practice discipline. Quality doctoral supervision for and by nurses is crucial and we argue that focus must be given to ensuring the development of a skilled doctoral supervision workforce in nursing.

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    Publication
    Review
    Convicts: A Global History by Clare Anderson (review)
    (The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2022-06)
    Hamish Maxwell-Stewart

    Convicts: A Global History is a huge temporal and geographical undertaking. A hundred and thirty individual penal destinations scattered across nineteen different polities are covered in the pages of this remarkable book. While the weight lies with the Western Empires, non-European utilisation of convicted labour is also discussed. This is especially true of Qing China and Tokugawa and Meiji Japan. Yet, it is not just geography, or chronological sweep (the book covers five centuries of penal practice), that gives Convicts scale. In an age where much historical writing has retreated into a series of self-contained sub-disciplines, Anderson fashions her narrative out of a swathe of cultural, economic and social thematic detail. The end result is a masterful account of "punitive mobility."

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    Publication
    Journal Article
    Effects of water level regulation on algal biofilms in the River Murray, South Australia
    (John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2000-09) ;
    Walker, Keith F

    The composition and growth of algal biofilms were monitored over 90 days at two littoral sites on the River Murray at Lock 1 (Blanchetown). Sites included the pool impounded by a 3m weir, where water levels are relatively stable, and the tailwater, where levels fluctuate daily. Depth profiles of organic biomass above the sediment and biofilm composition were similar between sites. Algal biomass peaked in the zones of maximum light and sustained inundation. Biofilm composition was affected more by temporal environmental changes common to both sites than by differences between sites. Filamentous Cyanobacteria (Lyngbya) were prevalent early in succession, but by day 90 were replaced by filamentous Chlorophyta (Spirogyra). If river levels are managed to maintain diverse successional stages as resources for grazing invertebrates, the magnitude and duration of inundation in the littoral zone should exceed the desiccation tolerances of biofilm organisms.

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    Publication
    Journal Article
    Biofilms as food for decapods (Atyidae, Palaemonidae) in the River Murray, South Australia
    (Springer Dordrecht, 2000-10) ;
    Walker, Keith F

    Stable water levels and turbidity associated with flow regulation in the River Murray have promoted the growth of filamentous green algae and Cyanobacteria in biofilms on submerged wood. We investigated the assimilation of biofilm algae by two dominant consumers, the decapod crustaceans Macrobrachium australiense (Palaemonidae) and Paratya australiensis (Atyidae), in two river reaches differing in the extent of floodplain development, hence wetland connectivity. Filamentous Cyanobacteria, a major part of the biofilms assimilated in combination with other foods, were up to 83% of the algal component of the gut content volume of P. australiensis and 44% that of M. australiense. Cyanobacteria have not previously been reported as a major source of nutrition for adult decapods. There was little difference between the stable isotopic signatures (13C/12C, 15N/14N) of the two decapod species, or between decapods in the two reaches. Coarse and fine particulate organic matter from the gorge had similar isotopic signatures to those from upstream and so were likely derived from macrophyte detritus rather than local willows. Red gum leaves and wood were too depleted in both δ13C and δ15N to register in the diets of either decapod in gorge or floodplain reaches. The most likely food sources for the decapods are littoral plants in the gorge reach and fine particulate organic matter material processed upstream. This is consistent with current hypotheses of organic matter flux in large river systems.

Most viewed
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    Publication
    Conference Publication
    Orgasmic Gushing: where does the fluid come from and how is it produced?
    (Women in Research (WiR), 2005)
    O'Brien, GM
    There are three sexual fluids from women: lubrication (e.g. transudation of fluid across the mucosa of the vagina, and mucus from the greater vestibular glands); female ejaculation (from paraurethral glands); and gushing. Orthodox western medicine and physiology does not yet have a standardized description or explanation for the third, gushing. The present paper proposes that the gushing fluid is a filtrate of plasma, produced by the mechanism known as transudation. This is an additional application for the transudation mechanism, after the well accepted roles in lubrication of the vagina, and in generating serous fluids. The present model proposes that the fluid released in a gush arises from the ventral wall of the vagina due to the presence there of increased surface area of mucosa, dilated arterioles, pressurized venous and lymphatic plexuses, and compression provided by muscle contraction during orgasm.
      64631
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    Publication
    Dataset
    Mapping Long Term Changes in Mangrove Cover and Predictions of Future Change under Different Climate Change Scenarios in the Sundarbans, Bangladesh
    (2018-05-22)
    Ghosh, Manoj Kumer
    ;
    Ground-based readings of temperature and rainfall, satellite imagery, aerial photographs, ground verification data and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) were used in this study. Ground-based meteorological information was obtained from Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) for the period 1977 to 2015 and was used to determine the trends of rainfall and temperature in this thesis. Satellite images obtained from the US Geological Survey (USGS) Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) website (www.glovis.usgs.gov) in four time periods were analysed to assess the dynamics of mangrove population at species level. Remote sensing techniques, as a solution to lack of spatial data at a relevant scale and difficulty in accessing the mangroves for field survey and also as an alternative to the traditional methods were used in monitoring of the changes in mangrove species composition, . To identify mangrove forests, a number of satellite sensors have been used, including Landsat TM/ETM/OLI, SPOT, CBERS, SIR, ASTER, and IKONOS and Quick Bird. The use of conventional medium-resolution remote sensor data (e.g., Landsat TM, ASTER, SPOT) in the identification of different mangrove species remains a challenging task. In many developing countries, the high cost of acquiring high- resolution satellite imagery excludes its routine use. The free availability of archived images enables the development of useful techniques in its use and therefor Landsat imagery were used in this study for mangrove species classification. Satellite imagery used in this study includes: Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) of 57 m resolution acquired on 1st February 1977, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) of 28.5 m resolution acquired on 5th February 1989, Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) of 28.5 m resolution acquired on 28th February 2000 and Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) of 30 m resolution acquired on 4th February 2015. To study tidal channel dynamics of the study area, aerial photographs from 1974 and 2011, and a satellite image from 2017 were used. Satellite images from 1974 with good spatial resolution of the area were not available, and therefore aerial photographs of comparatively high and fine resolution were considered adequate to obtain information on tidal channel dynamics. Although high-resolution satellite imagery was available for 2011, aerial photographs were used for this study due to their effectiveness in terms of cost and also ease of comparison with the 1974 photographs. The aerial photographs were sourced from the Survey of Bangladesh (SOB). The Sentinel-2 satellite image from 2017 was downloaded from the European Space Agency (ESA) website (https://scihub.copernicus.eu/). In this research, elevation data acts as the main parameter in the determination of the sea level rise (SLR) impacts on the spatial distribution of the future mangrove species of the Bangladesh Sundarbans. High resolution elevation data is essential for this kind of research where every centimeter counts due to the low-lying characteristics of the study area. The high resolution (less than 1m vertical error) DEM data used in this study was obtained from Water Resources Planning Organization (WRPO), Bangladesh. The elevation information used to construct the DEM was originally collected by a Finnish consulting firm known as FINNMAP in 1991 for the Bangladesh government.
      48139  50
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    Publication
    Conference Publication
    Reinforced Behavioral Variability and Sequence Learning Across Species
    (Association for Behavior Analysis International (ABAI), 2012)
    Doolan, Kathleen
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    ;
    McEwan, James
    Previous research shows that reinforcement of variable responding will facilitate sequence learning in rats (Neuringer, Deiss & Olson, 2000) but may interfere with sequence learning in humans (Maes & van der Goot, 2006). The present study aimed to replicate and extend previous research by assessing the role of behavioral variability in the learning of difficult target sequences across 3 species: humans (n = 60), hens (n = 18) and possums (n = 6). Participants were randomly allocated to one of three experimental conditions (Control, Variable, Any). In the Control conditions sequences were only reinforced if they were the target sequence, in the Variability conditions sequences were concurrently reinforced on a Variable Interval 60-s schedule if the just entered sequence met a variability criterion, and in the Any condition sequences were concurrently reinforced on a Variable Interval 60-s schedule for any sequence entered. The results support previous findings with animals and humans; hens and possums were more likely to learn the target sequence in the Variability condition, and human participants were more likely to learn the target sequence in the Control condition. Possible explanations for differences between the performance of humans and animals on this task will be discussed.
      39860  1
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    Publication
    Open Access
    Dataset
    The drivers and consequences of change to the physical character of waterholes on an Australian dryland river
    This dataset provides all the raw and analysed data for the thesis titled 'The drivers and consequences of change to the physical character of waterholes on an Australian dryland river'.
    The data has been divided into four folders that are aligned with the data chapters for the thesis. These being: (Ch 2) waterhole mapping, (Ch 3) floodplain gullies, (Ch 4) sediment transport and (Ch 5) fish.
    A README file is provided for each chapter which contains a description of the individual datasets and a list of files that make up each dataset.
    The data in this archive is a combination of data obtained from desktop studies as well as field work on the Darling River (i.e., the fish data).
    Further, fish data were collected on the Darling River between Bourke and Wilcannia. Waterhole mapping was undertaken on the Barwon-Darling between Walgett and Wilcannia. Gully mapping was undertaken on the Barwon-Darling River between Mungindi and Wilcannia. Sediment transport capacity was assessed at five sites between Collarenebri and Tilpa.
      37669  2064
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    Publication
    Open Access
    Journal Article
    A Review into Effective Classroom Management and Strategies for Student Engagement: Teacher and Student Roles in Today’s Classrooms
    (Redfame Publishing Inc, 2019-12)
    Franklin, Hayley
    ;
    A teacher's role encompasses far more than just imparting curricula outcomes to their students: they need to equip students with the necessary tools to experience social and academic success both inside the classroom and beyond it. Teachers need to empower students with the means to critically analyse the world around them in order to develop into critical independent thinkers. Students need to be proficient in utilising skills associated with higher levels of thinking, that will empower them with the ability to identify, analyse and evaluate the infinite volume of information available through our rapidly changing digital world. Just as teachers need to take responsibility for the various methods of teaching and instruction in the classroom, it is essential for students to take ownership of the learning process, to ensure future success in university environments, where sustained personal effort and metacognitive skills are fundamental to academic success. The object of the review of the literature surrounding the roles of teacher and student, effective classroom management strategies, and successful evidence-based teaching and learning pedagogies, is to assist new and experienced teachers in the promotion of a positive classroom experience for all.
      28536  23377