The stability of genomic evaluations depends on the amount of data and population parameters. When the dataset is large enough to estimate the value of nearly all independent chromosome segments (~10K in American Angus cattle), the accuracy and persistency of breeding values will be high. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in estimated breeding values (EBV) and genomic EBV (GEBV) across monthly evaluations for 1 yr in a large genotyped population of beef cattle. The American Angus data used included 8.2 million records for birth weight, 8.9 for weaning weight, and 4.4 for postweaning gain. A total of 10.1 million animals born until December 2017 had pedigree information, and 484,074 were genotyped. A truncated dataset included animals born until December 2016. To mimic a scenario with monthly evaluations, 2017 data were added 1 mo at a time to estimate EBV using best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) and GEBV using single-step genomic BLUP with the algorithm for proven and young (APY) with core group fixed for 1 yr or updated monthly. Predictions from monthly evaluations in 2017 were contrasted with the predictions of the evaluation in December 2016 or the previous month for all genotyped animals born until December 2016 with or without their own phenotypes or progeny phenotypes. Changes in EBV and GEBV were similar across traits, and only results for weaning weight are presented. Correlations between evaluations from December 2016 and the 12 consecutive evaluations were ≥0.97 for EBV and ≥0.99 for GEBV. Average absolute changes for EBV were about two times smaller than for GEBV, except for animals with new progeny phenotypes (≤0.12 and ≤0.11 additive genetic SD [SDa] for EBV and GEBV). The maximum absolute changes for EBV (≤2.95 SDa) were greater than for GEBV (≤1.59 SDa). The average(maximum) absolute GEBV changes for young animals from December 2016 to January and December 2017 ranged from 0.05(0.25) to 0.10(0.53) SDa. Corresponding ranges for animals with new progeny phenotypes were from 0.05(0.88) to 0.11(1.59) SDa for GEBV changes. The average absolute change in EBV(GEBV) from December 2016 to December 2017 for sires with ≤50 progeny phenotypes was 0.26(0.14) and for sires with >50 progeny phenotypes was 0.25(0.16) SDa. Updating the core group in APY without adding data created an average absolute change of 0.07 SDa in GEBV. Genomic evaluations in large genotyped populations are as stable and persistent as the traditional genetic evaluations, with less extreme changes.

Aims and objectives: Given the importance of doctoral training to the future of the discipline, we sought to gain insight into nurse doctoral supervisor's experiences of supervision training and preparation and their views on what quality training for doctoral supervisors in nursing would look like.

Background: Doctorally prepared nurses have been found to contribute significantly to improvements in knowledge to inform patient care; yet there is little focus on the development of this aspect of the nursing workforce, and little evaluation of supervisor training, confidence and competence.

Design: Qualitative storytelling, semi-structured interviews were conducted via a videoconferencing programme, audio-recorded and thematically analysed with twentyone experienced nurse doctoral supervisors. Findings are reported in line with the COREQ guidelines.

Results: Thematic analysis revealed four themes: ‘I had a great mentor’: the importance of mentorship and role modelling; ‘Sometimes it's just trial and error’: learning through experience; ‘It's like tick a box’: strengths and limitations of formal supervisor training; and ‘The training should be more holistic’: what should be in supervisor training.

Conclusions: We recommend doctoral supervisors be encouraged to seek mentoring for supervision, formal mentoring and clinical supervision for the first five completions and the formation of discipline-based supervisor learning groups in nursing as an adjunct to generic mandatory supervisor training.

Relevance to clinical practice: Further development of clinical nursing is inextricably linked to quality nurse-led research, and doctorally prepared nurses are essential to the continued development of nursing as an evidence-informed practice discipline. Quality doctoral supervision for and by nurses is crucial and we argue that focus must be given to ensuring the development of a skilled doctoral supervision workforce in nursing.

Convicts: A Global History is a huge temporal and geographical undertaking. A hundred and thirty individual penal destinations scattered across nineteen different polities are covered in the pages of this remarkable book. While the weight lies with the Western Empires, non-European utilisation of convicted labour is also discussed. This is especially true of Qing China and Tokugawa and Meiji Japan. Yet, it is not just geography, or chronological sweep (the book covers five centuries of penal practice), that gives Convicts scale. In an age where much historical writing has retreated into a series of self-contained sub-disciplines, Anderson fashions her narrative out of a swathe of cultural, economic and social thematic detail. The end result is a masterful account of "punitive mobility."

The composition and growth of algal biofilms were monitored over 90 days at two littoral sites on the River Murray at Lock 1 (Blanchetown). Sites included the pool impounded by a 3m weir, where water levels are relatively stable, and the tailwater, where levels fluctuate daily. Depth profiles of organic biomass above the sediment and biofilm composition were similar between sites. Algal biomass peaked in the zones of maximum light and sustained inundation. Biofilm composition was affected more by temporal environmental changes common to both sites than by differences between sites. Filamentous Cyanobacteria (Lyngbya) were prevalent early in succession, but by day 90 were replaced by filamentous Chlorophyta (Spirogyra). If river levels are managed to maintain diverse successional stages as resources for grazing invertebrates, the magnitude and duration of inundation in the littoral zone should exceed the desiccation tolerances of biofilm organisms.