Browsing by browse by HERDC Category Description "D1 A Substantial Review of an Entire Field of Study"

Paul Freedman's Festschrift reflects his approach to studying history, which encompasses the aim of making history alive and using the past to shed light on the present as well as the future. The fifteen chapters that form this volume do not follow predictable or well-worn paths and they do not duplicate existing scholarship. Instead, the reader encounters a bevy of topics all presented with panache and most of them tantalizing the reader with the lure of shifting boundaries, unlikely applications, and penetrating insights. Between the covers of this Festschrift one learns about a variety of topics such as high divorce rates in medieval Jewish communities and the limitations of notarial Latin (Sarah Ifft Decker), and concepts of slavery within convents (Michelle Herder). We also learn that powerful scary women could be every bit as bad as their male counterparts (Jeffrey A. Bowman). In Fontevraud Abbey, a foundation which included both male and female religious, women assumed unconventional and fascinating governance, and unsurprisingly were also considered vessels filled with poison (Annalena Müller).

Many reports indicate that children are abused everyday worldwide. They are abused in many different ways. Literature suggests that the numbers of reported abuses against children are a mere tip of an iceberg accordingly, there are many unreported cases - some are hidden or covered. Thus, child abuse becomes a social problem. Many seem to ignore child abuses, others of course will justify. Admittedly there are a few who will hide such abuses under a carpet or give a blind eye. In some societies child abuse has become a part of an accepted cultural practice- for example corporal punishments or female genital mutilations. Fortunately, there are some of us in the society who will voice against abuse of children. The social responses to child abuse are reflected in clinical sets up in similar ways. This means that some clinicians will ignore abuses while others may not care. The problem becomes aggravated in clinical scenarios especially when the clinician is not trained in identifying an imminent child abuse. In this context, this paper seeks to find a connection between clinical dental practice and child abuse. In short, I will argue and demonstrate in this paper that the presentations of cases of child abuse are not uncommon to the dental clinician, but that they are often times presented with alternate histories so that they can be easily missed by the clinician, if not looked through forensic lenses.

Globally, the provision of groundwater‐supported ecosystem services is threatened by climate change, water extraction, and other activities that alter groundwater regimes (defined as temporal dynamics in groundwater pressures, storage, and levels). Research on how altered groundwater regimes affect the ecology and ecosystem services of diverse groundwater‐dependent ecosystems (GDEs) is currently fragmented with little integration across different GDEs, hampering our ability to understand and manage ecological responses to anthropogenic changes to groundwater regimes. To address this, we present a framework for assessing ecological responses to groundwater regime alteration (FERGRA). FERGRA is a logical approach to investigating how alterations to groundwater regimes change the timing, variability, duration, frequency, and magnitude of groundwater connections to different GDEs, in turn affecting their ecological processes and ecosystem service provision. Using FERGRA, multiple GDEs can be assessed concurrently, optimizing their integrated management. Unifying the concepts of ecological responses to altered groundwater regimes and groundwater connections of different GDEs across the landscape, FERGRA provides a framework for (a) organizing the currently fragmented research on GDEs to better identify commonalities and knowledge gaps, (b) formulating and testing hypotheses for quantifying ecological responses to groundwater regime alteration in GDEs to derive general principles to guide research and management, and (c) facilitating assessments of the trade‐offs between the benefits of groundwater extraction (e.g., to support mining and agriculture) versus conservation of GDEs to protect other ecosystem services.

Background: Sports-related concussion (SRC) assessment tools are primarily based on subjective assessments of somatic, cognitive, and psychosocial/emotional symptoms. SRC symptoms remain underreported, and objective measures of SRC impairments would be valuable to assist diagnosis. Measurable impairments to vestibular and oculomotor processing have been shown to occur after SRC and may provide valid objective assessments.

Purpose: Determine the diagnostic accuracy of sideline tests of vestibular and oculomotor dysfunction to identify SRC in adults.

Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods: Electronic databases and gray literature were searched from inception until February 12, 2020. Physically active individuals (> 16 years of age) who participated in sports were included. The reference standard for SRC was a combination of clinical signs and symptoms (eg, the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool [SCAT]), and index tests included any oculomotor assessment tool. The QUADAS tool was used to assess risk of bias, with the credibility of the evidence being rated according to GRADE.

Results: A total of 8 studies were included in this review. All included studies used the King-Devick test, with no other measures being identified. Meta-analysis was performed on 4 studies with a summary sensitivity and specificity of 0.77 and 0.82, respectively. The overall credibility of the evidence was rated as very low.

Conclusion: Caution must be taken when interpreting these results given the very low credibility of the evidence, and the true summary sensitivity and specificity may substantially differ from the values calculated within this systematic review. Therefore, we recommend that clinicians using the King-Devick test to diagnose SRC in adults do so in conjunction with other tools such as the SCAT.

Weight cutting in combat sports is a prevalent practice whereby athletes voluntarily dehydrate themselves via various methods to induce rapid weight loss (RWL) to qualify for a lower weight category than that of their usual training body weight. The intention behind this practice is to regain the lost body mass and compete at a heavier mass than permitted by the designated weight category. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively synthesize the available evidence examining the effects of weight cutting on exercise performance in combat-sport athletes. Following a systematic search of the literature, meta-analyses were performed to compare maximal strength, maximal power, anaerobic capacity, and/or repeated high-intensity-effort performance before rapid weight loss (pre-RWL), immediately following RWL (post-RWL), and 3 to 36 hours after RWL following recovery and rapid weight gain (post-RWG). Overall, exercise performance was unchanged between pre-RWL and post-RWG (g = 0.22; 95% CI, −0.18 to 0.62). Between pre-RWL and post-RWL analyses revealed small reductions in maximal strength and repeated high-intensity-effort performance (g = −0.29; 95% CI, −0.54 to −0.03 and g = −0.37; 95% CI, −0.59 to −0.16, respectively; both P ≤ .03). Qualitative analysis indicates that maximal strength and power remained comparable between post-RWL and post-RWG. These data suggest that weight cutting in combat-sport athletes does not alter short-duration, repeated high-intensity-effort performance; however, there is evidence to suggest that select exercise performance outcomes may decline as a product of RWL. It remains unclear whether these are restored by RWG.

If you are ready to challenge your views and practices about how language is used in English language classrooms, reading this book will provide you with plenty of thought-provoking material to assist you in your endeavours. With each chapter, the authors confront established views of language usage and teaching practice in TESOL. You, like I, may have heard classroom practitioners, managers and academics express strong views about students' first language (L1) usage in class. This volume highlights the need for some commonly held views about second language acquisition (SLA) to be redefined, if translanguaging is to become more widely understood and embedded in TESOL teacher education, research and classroom practices.

Much praise has already been given in reviews of the 4 preceding volumes of Handbook of the Mammals of the World (HMW) for their exceptional high publication quality, the outstanding and up-to-date text, and the great number of beautiful photographs and illustrations of mammals. All of this applies to the latest exquisite offering in this 8-volume series. HMW Volume 5, covering the Monotremes and Marsupials, is an impressive, weighty tome of 799 pages lavishly illustrated with 717 color photographs, 44 color plates, and 375 distribution maps that cover the world’s five monotreme and 350 marsupial species.

Henry Charles Lea is the standard by which all studies of the inquisition are measured. His epochal work was brilliant, immense, and frequently definitive. In an important essay, Richard Kieckhefer argued there was no such thing as 'the Medieval Inquisition'. While acknowledging their acumen and contributions, Jill Moore challenges both scholars. Her revisionist monograph is a significant achievement. Where Lea tackled the subject on a European scale and Kieckhefer sought to correct a misapprehension, Moore limited herself to a century of medieval history in Italy. In this way she succeeds in delving deeply into archival materials where she examines the mechanics of inquisitorial activities. Going beyond most historians of heresy, Moore interrogates the development of the Italian inquisition by investigating the lives of individuals who made inquisition possible, Building on the provisions of the thirteenth-century papal bull Ad extirpanda, Moore explores the relationship between inquisitors, local bishops, and immediate civil authorities. She argues the traditional image of the feared and autonomous medieval inquisitor requires nuance. The supporting cast of notaries, messengers, spies, familia, vicars, informers, companions, bankers, jailers, and 'those who served the sacred office' in a variety of ways, enabled the inquisitor to function effectively.

1. Over the last two decades, there has been increasing public and political recognition of society's dependency upon natural habitat complexity and ecological processes to sustain provision of crucial ecosystem services, ranging from supplying potable water through to climate regulation. How has the ecosystem-services perspective been integrated into strategies for aquatic habitat conservation?
2. Literature on conservation of diverse freshwater and marine habitats was reviewed to assess the extent to which past and current strategies specifically targeted ecosystem services, and considered ecosystem functions, potential trade-offs and social issues when formulating protection measures for conserving aquatic habitats.
3. Surprisingly few published examples exist where comprehensive assessment of ecosystem services supported development of conservation plans. Seldom were aquatic habitat conservation objectives framed in terms of balancing trade-offs, assessing social values and evaluating suites of ecosystem services under different strategies. Time frames for achieving these objectives were also rarely specified. There was no evidence for fundamental differences between marine and freshwater habitats with respect to their ecosystem services that should be considered when setting targets for their conservation.
4. When an ecosystem-service perspective is used for setting objectives in aquatic habitat conservation, the following actions are recommended: (1) explicitly listing and evaluating full suites of ecosystem services to be conserved; (2) identifying current and future potential trade-offs arising from conservation; (3) specifying time frames within which particular strategies might protect or enhance desired services; and (4) predicting how different proposed strategies might affect each ecosystem function, service flow and public benefit.
5. This approach will help ensure that less-apparent ecosystem services (e.g. regulating, supporting) and their associated ecosystem functions receive adequate recognition and protection in aquatic conservation of freshwater and marine habitats. However, conservation objectives should not focus solely on protecting or enhancing ecosystem services but complement current strategies targeting biodiversity and other conservation goals.

Over the last two decades, Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) has emerged as a growing interest in research in TESOL. As a teaching approach focusing on both language and content, the term CLIL was firstly adopted in 1994 in Europe and practiced in a range of contexts (Coyle, Hood, & Marsh, 2010). As a part of the growing body in CLIL literature, Angel Lin's Language Across the Curriculum & CLIL in English as an Additional Language (EAL) Contexts contributes to the recent development of language and content integration with concrete examples while explicitly addressing challenges experienced in CLIL and LAC (Language Across the Curriculum) in EAL. Due to its comprehensive account of how LAC and CLIL can be employed in EAL contexts with practical examples, this book is particularly useful for teachers and educators who are in search of concrete pedagogical approaches to incorporate CLIL and LAC in class. There are two key objectives for this book" it firstly establishes a solid theoretical foundation by critically and systematically reviewing a range of theories and literature regarding CLIL and LAC. The second half of the book intends to respond to everyday challenges and needs expressed by EAL teachers with pedagogical suggestions and examples to facilitate collaboration across language and content.

Thomas Popkewitz accentuates knowledge about systems of reason that govern educational policy. His research on pedagogy and teacher education includes historical, ethnographic, and comparative studies of national educational reforms in Asia, Europe, Latin America, Southern Africa, and the USA. Two of his books (Paradigms and Ideology in Educational Research and A Political Sociology of Educational Reform) have won awards for their contribution to educational studies. His most recent edited book, The 'Reason' of schooling: Historicizing curriculum studies, pedagogy and teacher education makes a significant contribution to the field of curriculum studies, highlighting the most current global concerns in education. The book makes three significant contributions to the field of practice and policy: discussions around the intersections of various historical trails informing decision-making, the science of education as social discourse to change social conditions, and social epistemology as a strategy to revise critical studies of education. Popkewitz effectively emphasises 'Reason' of schooling as political. He clarifies political as students who attempt to learn, the qualities of the expert teacher, cultural boundaries and its implications for present boundaries in schooling. An in-depth view of the quality of teacher education is highlighted as a current global concern, with Peterson, Olsson, and Krejsler (Chapter 13) claiming that a 'better teacher' and the 'teacher of tomorrow are operating as visions for the future' (p. 205).

The 19th century saw the rapid cutover of native forests in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States. Due to concerns about deforestation, there arose a nascent conservation movement, which publicised the adverse environmental effects of the cutover, fire, wasteful logging practices, and the importance of sustainable forestry practices. Through an examination of the arguments opposing scientific forestry management and conservation, this article discusses how conservation and economic development were understood and changed in the Anglo-American political economy of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The article argues that these 19th-century debates echo opposition to climate mitigation policy today. It concludes that climate mitigation proponents must reconceptualise the notion of public interest and create a more cohesive narrative regarding the desirability of climate mitigation policies.

The avian beak is a multipurpose organ playing a vital role in a variety of functions, including feeding, drinking, playing, grasping objects, mating, nesting, preening and defence against predators and parasites. With regards to poultry production, the beak is the first point of contact between the bird and feed. The beak is also manipulated to prevent unwanted behaviour such as feather pecking, toe pecking and cannibalism in poultry as well as head/ neck injuries to breeder hens during mating. Thus, investigating the beak morphometry of poultry in relation to feeding and other behaviours may lead to novel insights for poultry breeding, management and feeding strategies. Beak morphometry data may be captured by advanced imaging techniques coupled with the use of geometric morphometric techniques. This emerging technology may be utilized to study the effects of beak shape on many critical management issues including heat stress, parasite management, pecking and feeding behaviour. In addition, existing literature identifies several genes related to beak development in chickens and other avian species. Use of morphometric assessments to develop phenotypic data on beak shape and detailed studies on beak-related behaviours in chickens may help in improving management and welfare of commercial poultry. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Animal Consortium.

The composers Nathaniel Giles (1558–1634), Richard Dering (ca. 1580–1630), and Henry Lawes (1602–1662) lived during a turbulent period of English history from the beginning of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I to the early years of the Restoration of the monarchy. Dering’s name is familiar to many historical musicologists, especially from the earlier research and editions of the late Peter ‘Prof ’ Platt and Philip Brett. Henry Lawes’s brother, William (1602–1645), is better known today for his superb viol consort suites. Giles has remained obscure to all but the most specialized historians of English music. All three men were members of the Chapel Royal during the reigns of one or more English monarchs (Giles, for example, served three monarchs). Their careers briefly overlapped in tantalizing ways to invite further revisions to the history of English sacred music that move beyond current accounts centred on now well-known figures like Thomas Tallis (1505–1585), William Byrd (ca. 1540–1623), and Orlando Gibbons (1583–1625). With the publication of these three new editions, music historians are now better positioned to re-evaluate the development of English sacred music, especially in the context of the Chapel Royal, from standpoints not overshadowed by ‘great’ composers. Yet the compositions contained in all three editions represent a relatively tight cluster of English sacred works from the 1610s to 1630s.

This book defends the 'disambiguating project' (DP) with respect to the units of selection, the thesis that the expression 'units of selection' is polysemous, in that it 'refers to at least three non-co-extensional functional concepts: interactor, replicator/ reproducer/reconstitutor, and manifestor of adaptation/type-1 agent' (1). Lewontin (1970) inaugurated the 'recipe' approach to the units of selection issue, the idea that we can identify a small number of conditions, such as variation, differential fitness, and heritability, individually necessary and jointly sufficient for natural selection to take place, and for units of selection to be identified. Later, Hull and Dawkins argued that 'units of selection' could refer to either 'replicators'—entities that pass on their structure in replication—or 'interactors/vehicles'—entities whose interaction with the environment causes replication to be differential. Subsequently a third entity was added: 'manifestors of adaptation/type-1 agents', entities that are cohesive and exhibit accumulated engineering adaptations.