Research UNE (RUNE) is the institutional repository for research outputs of the University of New England, Australia. More information.
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Publication Open AccessJournal ArticleEvaluation of κ-casein and growth hormone gene polymorphism in native Dalagh sheep(Narodne Polnohospodarske a Potravinarske Centrum Vyskumny Ustav Zivocisnej Vyroby Nitra, Research Institute of Animal Production Nitra, 2011-12-31)In this research for studying genetic polymorphism of κ-casein (CSN3) and growth hormone (GH) genes as candidate genes for marker-assisted selection in different domestic livestock species, blood samples (120 samples) were collected from Dalagh sheep randomly. DNA was extracted from blood samples and a 416 bp fragment from exon 4 of the CSN3 gene and a 365 bp region from exon 5 of the GH gene were amplificated by polymerase chain reaction. PCR products were analyzed using single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method on a polyacrilamide gel. Results indicate that there are two (K1=0.92 and K2=0.08) and three (G1=0.84, G2=0.13 and G3=0.03) conformational patterns for CSN3 and GH genes, respectively.
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Publication Open AccessJournal ArticlePolymorphism of calpastatin, calpain and myostatin genes in native Dalagh sheep in Iran(Narodne Polnohospodarske a Potravinarske Centrum Vyskumny Ustav Zivocisnej Vyroby Nitra,Research Institute of Animal Production Nitra, 2012-03-31)Calpains play a major role in post mortem tenderization and calpastatin is the endogenous inhibitor of calpain proteases and regulates the rate and extent of post mortem tenderization. Myostatin is an inhibitor of skeletal muscle growth and a mutation in the gene coding region leads to increased muscling. Therefore, they are considered as candidate genes for meat and growth traits. Blood samples were collected from 110 Dalagh sheep and DNA were extracted using modified salting out extraction method. Genotypes were determined by PCR amplification followed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method for calpain gene and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method for calpastatin and myostatin genes. Based on results, calpastatin and calpain genes were found to be polymorphic but myostatin gene was monomorphic. Genotype frequencies were 36, 38, and 26 % for MM, MN and NN in calpastatin locus, respectively. In this population, calpastatin locus did not show Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.05). Observed heterozygosity for this locus was good (0.38). Under the SSCP analysis, three different patterns (G1 , G2 and G3 ) with frequencies of 8.2, 89.1, and 2.7 % were detected in calpain locus, respectively. Detected polymorphisms and assumed associations of genetic variation with meat production and tenderness may help to find the effective genotypes of Dalagh sheep for those economic traits.
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Publication Genetic variability of calpastatin and calpain genes in Iranian Zel sheep using PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSCP methods(National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 2012-04)The genotypes for calpastatin (CAST) and calpain (CAPN) loci were determined by PCR-RFLP and PCRSSCP methods. Blood samples were collected from 200 pure-bred Zel sheep from Shirang’s Zel sheep Breeding Station located in south-west of Golestan, Iran. Extraction of genomic DNA was performed based on the modified salting out method. Based on results, two investigated loci were polymorphic and had different gene variants. Heterozygosis was low for both loci. Chi-square test confirmed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium only in CAST locus using SSCP method. Detected polymorphisms and associations of genetic variation with meat production and tenderness may help to find the effective genotypes of Zel sheep for the economic traits.
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Publication Open AccessBook ChapterEnforcing the Rights of the Child to Strengthen the Global Biodiversity Framework(The Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, 2026)Children’s rights recognized under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child include the right to life, the right to health, and the right to a healthy environment. To realize these rights, States have a duty to transform current economic systems that drive biodiversity loss and environmental crises. The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and international human rights law are mutually supportive. We take the example of food systems and propose how States must act to prevent and mitigate their negative impacts on children’s rights. This includes reshaping the agricultural subsidy system to support ecological agriculture as well as setting adequate restrictions on pesticide use.
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Publication Global differences in insect regulation: the background and the impacts(Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2017)There are global differences in how insects are regulated as food and feed. We compare the regulations of four firsttier developed countries that have a relatively organized regulatory architecture for developing insect regulation and where market potential is large: the EU, United States, Canada and Australia. Our study focuses on (1) the system-level and historical background for differences in regulation and (2) the impacts of the regulatory differences for insect business operators. Legal systems vary in how risks are perceived and how the precautionary principle is applied in practice. There are differences in how fast the regulatory system can respond to new phenomena such as novel food and feed ingredients. Although the cultural tradition of insect use is an important factor explaining the general attitudes towards insects, there are genuine differences in how the ethical issues are argued and perceived. Private regulation and industry standards have a role in complementing mandatory laws, in some countries more so than in others. Regulation impacts product development strategies of marketers: the pay-back time for R&D investment depends partly on the regulatory requirements and on how fast a product can access the market. The article aims to explore if the insect business would benefit from clear, harmonised and predictable rules by comparing the regulation of insect food and feed in the abovementioned jurisdictions. It examines whether global harmonisation of rules would make international marketing strategies easier or whether tailor-made rules and protectionist practices could be the preferred option, so as to assist local marketers.
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Publication Orgasmic Gushing: where does the fluid come from and how is it produced?(Women in Research (WiR), 2005)There are three sexual fluids from women: lubrication (e.g. transudation of fluid across the mucosa of the vagina, and mucus from the greater vestibular glands); female ejaculation (from paraurethral glands); and gushing. Orthodox western medicine and physiology does not yet have a standardized description or explanation for the third, gushing. The present paper proposes that the gushing fluid is a filtrate of plasma, produced by the mechanism known as transudation. This is an additional application for the transudation mechanism, after the well accepted roles in lubrication of the vagina, and in generating serous fluids. The present model proposes that the fluid released in a gush arises from the ventral wall of the vagina due to the presence there of increased surface area of mucosa, dilated arterioles, pressurized venous and lymphatic plexuses, and compression provided by muscle contraction during orgasm.65499 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Mapping Long Term Changes in Mangrove Cover and Predictions of Future Change under Different Climate Change Scenarios in the Sundarbans, Bangladesh(2018-05-22)Ground-based readings of temperature and rainfall, satellite imagery, aerial photographs, ground verification data and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) were used in this study. Ground-based meteorological information was obtained from Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) for the period 1977 to 2015 and was used to determine the trends of rainfall and temperature in this thesis. Satellite images obtained from the US Geological Survey (USGS) Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) website (www.glovis.usgs.gov) in four time periods were analysed to assess the dynamics of mangrove population at species level. Remote sensing techniques, as a solution to lack of spatial data at a relevant scale and difficulty in accessing the mangroves for field survey and also as an alternative to the traditional methods were used in monitoring of the changes in mangrove species composition, . To identify mangrove forests, a number of satellite sensors have been used, including Landsat TM/ETM/OLI, SPOT, CBERS, SIR, ASTER, and IKONOS and Quick Bird. The use of conventional medium-resolution remote sensor data (e.g., Landsat TM, ASTER, SPOT) in the identification of different mangrove species remains a challenging task. In many developing countries, the high cost of acquiring high- resolution satellite imagery excludes its routine use. The free availability of archived images enables the development of useful techniques in its use and therefor Landsat imagery were used in this study for mangrove species classification. Satellite imagery used in this study includes: Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) of 57 m resolution acquired on 1st February 1977, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) of 28.5 m resolution acquired on 5th February 1989, Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) of 28.5 m resolution acquired on 28th February 2000 and Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) of 30 m resolution acquired on 4th February 2015. To study tidal channel dynamics of the study area, aerial photographs from 1974 and 2011, and a satellite image from 2017 were used. Satellite images from 1974 with good spatial resolution of the area were not available, and therefore aerial photographs of comparatively high and fine resolution were considered adequate to obtain information on tidal channel dynamics. Although high-resolution satellite imagery was available for 2011, aerial photographs were used for this study due to their effectiveness in terms of cost and also ease of comparison with the 1974 photographs. The aerial photographs were sourced from the Survey of Bangladesh (SOB). The Sentinel-2 satellite image from 2017 was downloaded from the European Space Agency (ESA) website (https://scihub.copernicus.eu/). In this research, elevation data acts as the main parameter in the determination of the sea level rise (SLR) impacts on the spatial distribution of the future mangrove species of the Bangladesh Sundarbans. High resolution elevation data is essential for this kind of research where every centimeter counts due to the low-lying characteristics of the study area. The high resolution (less than 1m vertical error) DEM data used in this study was obtained from Water Resources Planning Organization (WRPO), Bangladesh. The elevation information used to construct the DEM was originally collected by a Finnish consulting firm known as FINNMAP in 1991 for the Bangladesh government.48272 50 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Reinforced Behavioral Variability and Sequence Learning Across Species(Association for Behavior Analysis International (ABAI), 2012)Previous research shows that reinforcement of variable responding will facilitate sequence learning in rats (Neuringer, Deiss & Olson, 2000) but may interfere with sequence learning in humans (Maes & van der Goot, 2006). The present study aimed to replicate and extend previous research by assessing the role of behavioral variability in the learning of difficult target sequences across 3 species: humans (n = 60), hens (n = 18) and possums (n = 6). Participants were randomly allocated to one of three experimental conditions (Control, Variable, Any). In the Control conditions sequences were only reinforced if they were the target sequence, in the Variability conditions sequences were concurrently reinforced on a Variable Interval 60-s schedule if the just entered sequence met a variability criterion, and in the Any condition sequences were concurrently reinforced on a Variable Interval 60-s schedule for any sequence entered. The results support previous findings with animals and humans; hens and possums were more likely to learn the target sequence in the Variability condition, and human participants were more likely to learn the target sequence in the Control condition. Possible explanations for differences between the performance of humans and animals on this task will be discussed.39951 1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Open AccessDatasetThe drivers and consequences of change to the physical character of waterholes on an Australian dryland river(University of New England, 2021-08-27)This dataset provides all the raw and analysed data for the thesis titled 'The drivers and consequences of change to the physical character of waterholes on an Australian dryland river'.
The data has been divided into four folders that are aligned with the data chapters for the thesis. These being: (Ch 2) waterhole mapping, (Ch 3) floodplain gullies, (Ch 4) sediment transport and (Ch 5) fish.
A README file is provided for each chapter which contains a description of the individual datasets and a list of files that make up each dataset.
The data in this archive is a combination of data obtained from desktop studies as well as field work on the Darling River (i.e., the fish data).
Further, fish data were collected on the Darling River between Bourke and Wilcannia. Waterhole mapping was undertaken on the Barwon-Darling between Walgett and Wilcannia. Gully mapping was undertaken on the Barwon-Darling River between Mungindi and Wilcannia. Sediment transport capacity was assessed at five sites between Collarenebri and Tilpa.37894 4129 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Open AccessJournal ArticleA Review into Effective Classroom Management and Strategies for Student Engagement: Teacher and Student Roles in Today’s Classrooms(Redfame Publishing Inc, 2019-12)A teacher's role encompasses far more than just imparting curricula outcomes to their students: they need to equip students with the necessary tools to experience social and academic success both inside the classroom and beyond it. Teachers need to empower students with the means to critically analyse the world around them in order to develop into critical independent thinkers. Students need to be proficient in utilising skills associated with higher levels of thinking, that will empower them with the ability to identify, analyse and evaluate the infinite volume of information available through our rapidly changing digital world. Just as teachers need to take responsibility for the various methods of teaching and instruction in the classroom, it is essential for students to take ownership of the learning process, to ensure future success in university environments, where sustained personal effort and metacognitive skills are fundamental to academic success. The object of the review of the literature surrounding the roles of teacher and student, effective classroom management strategies, and successful evidence-based teaching and learning pedagogies, is to assist new and experienced teachers in the promotion of a positive classroom experience for all.32753 52897