Punks are not dead in Indonesia, they've turned to Islam

Abstract

<p>The punk movement is notable for its anti-establishment stance and distinct music and fashion style. Starting in the 1970s in the UK and US, the subculture became global and took different forms in each local setting.</p> <p>In Indonesia, punk bands started to emerge in the 1990s. They were central in nurturing leftist activism during the years leading up to the fall of Soeharto.</p> <p>But, interestingly, in the years following the fall of the New Order regime, some of these "bad boys" have transformed into a group of pious people. They've built a new generation of punk subculture they call Islamic punk.</p>