Team Sport Risk Exposure Framework-2 (TS-REF-2) to identify sports activities and contacts at increased SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

<p>The Team Sports Risk Exposure Framework (TS-REF) was developed in July 2020 by experts in sports medicine, virology, sports science and public health to facilitate the safe return of sport during the COVID-19 pandemic.¹ The TS-REF was developed at the time when the outdoor transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 during sport was unknown. The TS-REF has been adopted by Public Health England and the UK Government (Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport), for use within both elite and community sports,² to both determine the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission during specific sporting activities (eg, rugby tackle),¹ and to identify and isolate increased risk contacts during sport.³The TS-REF classified increased risk contacts as player-to-player interactions ‘within 1 m, directly face to face, for 3 or more seconds’.¹</p>