Genetic relationships between composition of pork bellies and performance, carcase and meat quality traits

Abstract

Belly traits including predicted fat percentage of the belly (FATPC), combined area of the rib bone and muscle (RBMA), intermuscular fat area (IMFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) were recorded on 2403 pigs along with carcase fat depth at the P2 site (P2). Belly traits were derived from image analysis of the anterior side of pork bellies. Further data available for pigs with belly data and their contemporaries included lifetime growth rate, ultrasound backfat and loin muscle depth (35 406 records), along with meat quality traits (3935 records). There were 4586 feed intake records and 18 398 juvenile insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) records available, which included the majority of pigs with belly data. Genetic parameters were estimated based on an animal model using Residual Maximum Likelihood procedures. Heritability estimates for belly traits ranged from 0.23 to 0.34 (±0.05 to 0.06) while the common litter effect varied from 0.04 to 0.07 (±0.03). Genetic correlations between FATPC, individual belly fat measurements and carcase P2 fat depth differed significantly from unity, ranging from 0.71 to 0.85 (±0.05 to 0.08). Genetic correlations between IMFA and subcutaneous fat measurements varied from 0.47 to 0.63 (±0.08 to 0.13). Genetic correlations between belly and performance traits show that selection for reduced juvenile-IGF-I, reduced feed intake and reduced backfat along with increased loin muscle depth will reduce overall fat levels in the belly. Only loin muscle depth had a significant genetic correlation with RBMA (0.32 ± 0.10), thereby assisting selection for improved lean meat content of the belly. Ultimately, genetic improvement of belly muscles requires specific measurements of lean meat content of the belly. For this to be effective, measurements are required that can be routinely recorded on the slaughter line, or preferably on the live animal.