Is C-reactive protein elevated in obstructive sleep apnea? a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

<p><b>Purpose:</b> This study examined whether circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) is elevated in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) independent of the confounding effects of comorbidities, smoking, body mass index (BMI), age and gender.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> A systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases from 1 January 1997 to 1 November 2017 using the key words obstructive sleep apnoea and C-Reactive protein to identify full text English language studies that compared CRP in adult non-smoking OSA participants without comorbidities and adult healthy non-smoking control participants matched for BMI, age and gender. Data from eligible studies were subjected to meta-analysis using RevMan version 5.3.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Five studies (219 OSA participants, 116 controls) met the selection criteria. The total standard mean difference for circulating high sensitivity CRP was 0.61 mg/dL higher in OSA participants than in control participants (confidence interval: 0.38 to 0.84, <i>p</i> < 0.00001), with low between-studies heterogeneity (df = 7, <i>p</i> = 0.16, <i>I²</i> = 33%) and minimal evidence of publication bias.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> CRP levels in non-smoking OSA participants without comorbidities were increased relative to levels in healthy matched non-smoking control participants, suggesting that pharyngeal or systemic inflammatory effects attributable to OSA may elevate CRP.</p>