This study examines the physical, social, and temporal dimensions that affect Iranian women's perceptions of safety during travel on public transit. We employ both primary and secondary data: a survey of 680 female users of the Shiraz subway and GIS shapefiles. Our Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) explains 34.4 % of the variance in perceived safety. We find that constructs such as access, demographics, design, and surveillance have a direct effect on perceived safety, whereas the effect of timing is only indirect. The effect of surveillance measures, such as CCTV cameras, police officers, and lighting, is the most influential, explaining 43 % of the variance in perceived safety. This suggests that, in the case of Shiraz, enhancing these measures may be a particularly effective strategy to boost safety perceptions among female passengers. However, we acknowledge that excessive surveillance can backfire and may also be objectionable on ethical grounds. Beyond infrastructure measures, the real challenge is to cultivate a feeling of collective responsibility for women's and girls' safety and empower female riders to confront and report perpetrators.

This study investigates the capacity for regional branding for Guilan province concerning the existing brands' identification, new brands' creation opportunities, and development obstacles. The current mixed-method study by using MICMAC analysis method describes the main variables affecting branding results. Its findings recognize tourism, agriculture, and horticulture as the most dominant existing brands and ecotourism, agritourism, and commercial tourism as having huge development potential. Inferior infrastructure, inadequate coordination among stakeholders, and lack of governmental support are major barriers. The study proposes practical solutions to overcome these barriers and to use regional assets effectively. The findings present critical views for policymakers and stakeholders toward the competitiveness and sustainable development of Guilan.

Pedestrian crashes are a global safety issue impacting all age groups, and despite extensive research, understanding the severity of crashes among different age groups has remained incomplete. Older and young pedestrians represent two distinct demographics with unique vulnerabilities. This paper examines the factors that impact the severity of pedestrian crashes resulting in Killed or Serious Injuries in South Australia over ten years (2012–2020) for two age groups, namely young pedestrians (age < 18) and older pedestrians (age > 65). The study employs several descriptive and analytical methods, including logistic and Classification and Regression Tree models. The findings reveal that older pedestrians are primarily involved in fatal crashes (32 %), while their young cohorts predominantly suffer from serious injuries (30 %). Young pedestrians experience more severe consequences when vehicle speeds are below 60 km/hr, but older pedestrians suffer a greater likelihood of harm at speeds beyond 60 km/hr. Age has a role in how unique elements, such as curving roadways and damp weather, affect the intensity of the impact. Young individuals are particularly drawn to motorways and one-way highways, which are prominent areas that underscore the necessity for action. Intersections, including crossroads and one-way highways, pose significant challenges for older pedestrians, underscoring the need for safety precautions. Also, there is a negative correlation between weekend crashes and log-odds of KSI compared to weekdays, which leads to lower severity for both age groups. Customizing safety protocols for distinct age cohorts is crucial for ensuring efficient crash mitigation.

Out-of-pocket health expenditure (OOPHE) significantly impacts people with chronic and complex diseases (CCDs) and injuries. Aboriginal communities experience a higher burden of CCDs and injury, along with greater OOPHE inequities. This project aims to develop and implement a social prescribing digital platform (Web App) to reduce OOPHE. It is grounded in citizen science approaches that value the lived experience and knowledge of Aboriginal people in shaping solutions. The project uses a citizen science methodology adapted for these communities, using knowledge interface methodology to weave together Indigenous and Western knowledges. Research methods (Indigenous, quantitative, qualitative) explore the relational nature of OOPHE risks and protective factors through co-design and workshops with Aboriginal participants to develop the Web App. A community-centric developmental evaluation guides the trial and refinement of the platform, allowing for ongoing learning and adaptation. Process measures inform a national scale-up and evaluation framework. Addressing OOPHE is essential to improving health and wellbeing for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individuals and families living with or at risk of CCDs. This initiative aims to reduce the impact of OOPHE through digital social prescribing, there by connecting people with essential community services to access healthcare, offering a scalable approach to addressing health inequities nationwide.