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Legal pluralism is a lived reality in Mindanao yet there are very few scholarly and practice-oriented works on the subject. The discourse on plural legal orders is a site of contestation among political interests both in Mindanao and within the Philippine state. The interests on 'alternative' modes of justice have been driven by both domestic and international initiatives on legal reform and access to justice. There is a need to deepen studies on legal pluralism in Mindanao, including more empirical studies on the functional administration of justice, the roles, backgrounds and motivations of justice providers and users, and the interaction or interdependency among the various normative orders within the local level and between the local and central state justice systems. The provision of effective justice among the people in Mindanao is a crucial task of post-conflict reconstruction that includes careful balancing and management of these complex plural legal systems.

In his 5th State of the Nation Address (SONA) last July 27, 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte called on Congress to swiftly pass the bill reinstating the death penalty, specifically for heinous drug-related crimes specified under the Comprehensive Drugs Act of 2002. Pro-death penalty lawmakers and advocates in the Philippines have long argued that the death penalty will deter criminality. However, the literature suggests that there is still no clear and credible empirical evidence to back the argument that the death penalty is a crime deterrent. Furthermore, this paper examined the potential drivers of the growing death penalty support in the Philippines and the possible implications of reinstating the death penalty in the current state of the country's justice system and economy.

Election-related violence (ERV) is a recurring concern in the Philippines — one that strikes deep into the hearts of the country's democratic institutions. As such, a thorough analysis on the nature of ERVs in the country is necessary for the development of policies that combat such violence. While there has been a number of ERV studies post-Marcos, this is the first that looks at electoral violence data at both the individual and aggregate levels. This study examines incidences of Election-Related Violence (ERV) in the Philippines from 2013 to 2019 using a novel dataset, the ASOG ERV Database, constructed from online media reports. The findings highlight key characteristics of ERV in the Philippines from 2013 to 2019.

Resting-state electroencephalography (RSEEG) is a method under consideration as a potential biomarker that could support early and accurate diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). RSEEG data is often contaminated by signals arising from other electrophysiological sources and the environment, necessitating pre-processing of the data prior to applying machine learning methods for classification. Importantly, using differing degrees of pre-processing will lead to different classification results. This study aimed to examine this by evaluating the difference in experimental results when using re-referenced data, data that had undergone filtering and artefact rejection, and data without muscle artefact. The results demonstrated that, using a Random Forest Classifier for feature selection and a Support Vector Machine for disease classification, different levels of pre-processing led to markedly different classification results. In particular, the presence of muscle artefact was associated with inflated classification accuracy, emphasising the importance of its removal as part of pre-processing.

Internet, cellular and cyber technologies have opened up a wealth of opportunities for learning, exploration, and social and public engagement by children and young people. However, such benefits are not without their dangers, and much has been made of the extant and potential hazards of such technologies.

Most commonly relating to young people, these dangers take the form of what is commonly known as cyber bullying.

In April 2019, Psychological Science published its first issue in which all research articles received the Open Data badge. We used that issue to investigate the effectiveness of this badge, focusing on the adherence to its stated aim at Psychological Science: ensuring reproducibility of results. Twelve researchers of varying experience levels attempted to reproduce the results of the empirical articles in the target issue (at least three researchers per article). We found that all articles provided at least some data, 6/14 articles provided analysis code or scripts, only 1/14 articles was rated to be exactly reproducible, and 3/14 essentially reproducible with minor deviations. We recommend that Psychological Science require a check of reproducibility at the peer review stage before awarding badges, and that the Open Data badge be renamed "Open Data and Code" to avoid confusion and encourage researchers to adhere to this higher standard.