A Violation of Coherence: A Narrative Inquiry Study of Firefighters’ Experiences of Exposure to Suicide

Abstract

<p>Emergency service workers are routinely exposed to potentially traumatic events involving sudden violent deaths, including suicide, in fulfilling their occupational roles. Yet, firefighters are a unique population of emergency service workers whose primary purpose is to protect life. How, then, do they experience the intentional act to end life when a person has died by suicide? The profound impact of exposure to suicide is well documented in the empirical literature, particularly in light of close relationships. However, exploration of the breadth and complexity of exposure in an occupational context is limited, particularly in those without an attachment relationship to the deceased, such as the experience of firefighters.</p> <p>This doctoral study explores the experiences of firefighters exposed to suicide situated within the unique cultural and organisational context of firefighting, examining how firefighters live with and through the experience of exposure to suicide in their personal and professional lives. The study is grounded in narrative inquiry methodology, using a qualitative reflexive paradigm with an insider researcher perspective. In-depth semi-structured interviews elicited the stories of 20 firefighters based in Australia who had been exposed to suicide occupationally and personally. A reflexive thematic analysis was used to draw out meanings across and within the shared stories of firefighters. </p> <p>The results of the analysis generated four themes collectively describing the lived experiences of firefighters exposed to suicide. The first two themes tell of the experience of exposure to suicide and how that exposure poses a threat to firefighters’ understanding of the world. This details the conflicts and discrepancies in the truth about the expectations and realities of the world firefighters exist within. The results show how exposure to suicide occurs in a liminal space triggered by not knowing why a person has died by suicide and the uncertainty this creates about the world around them, given the cultural nuances of control associated with firefighting as a profession. The final two themes reflect firefighters’ internal experience of exposure to suicide brought about by disruptions to temporality. ‘Fears for the future’ identifies how suicide is experienced as a threat to firefighters’ sense of safety, whilst ‘Reflections of the past’ captures how suicide is experienced as a retrospective reckoning, which is interpreted as a failure to protect life and an ultimate threat to a firefighter’s identity.</p> <p>The study concludes that firefighters’ experiences of exposure to suicide can be understood as a violation of coherence that disrupts their familiar ways of understanding and being in the world. The results of the study situate a discussion about the philosophical and psychological theories that may better inform firefighter suicide exposure preparedness. Strategies are highlighted to better support those working within the field and enhance ways to offer postvention support to these first responders.</p>