Towards an Understanding of How Torso Shape Influences Human Swimming Performance

Abstract

<p>A swimmer moving through water is subject to a resistive force known as hydrodynamic resistance or 'drag'. This resistance is due to friction between the swimmer and the water (frictional drag), resistance related to the body profile and position they project during forward motion (form drag) and the resistance due to wave making energy (wave drag). The torso is the largest segment of the human body and its shape affects all three types of drag and the subsequent overall resistance acting on a swimmer. The relationship between body shape characteristics and hydrodynamic resistance is considered to be a significant biomechanical factor that determines overall swimming performance. Despite this, there is a paucity of literature surrounding the effect of torso shape on hydrodynamic resistance. Investigation of torso shapes and the subsequent hydrodynamic profiles may assist in talent identification and competitive race planning. Further understanding of torso shape characteristics may also inform training and nutritional strategies to assist in body shape modification towards the optimal hydrodynamic torso shape with a primary goal of improving overall swimming performance.</p>