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https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/51732Full metadata record
| DC Field | Value | Language |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.author | 马丁, 保罗 | en |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-04-26T22:47:27Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2022-04-26T22:47:27Z | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2019 | - |
| dc.identifier.citation | 农业法律研究论丛, v.2019, p. 158-172 | en |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/51732 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 农业领域的技术创新在促进社会经济发展的同时，也会带来一些负面的影响，并且随着科技的发展，新技术将带来更为复杂的风险问题，这对法律制度带来了很多新的挑战。同时，法律制度在防控风险、提供权益保障的同时，在一定程度上也会影响农业技术创新。本文以澳大利亚相关法律为视角，分析了科技创新领域——特别是智能机器人系统治理所设计的法律问题，以期为包括法律在内的规则指定提供一些助益， 既不阻碍创新，同时又能降低创新带来的风险。 | en |
| dc.language | zh | en |
| dc.publisher | Law Press | en |
| dc.relation.ispartof | 农业法律研究论丛 | en |
| dc.title | 农业技术治理： 科技创新的法律规制 | en |
| dc.type | Journal Article | en |
| local.contributor.firstname | 保罗 | en |
| local.subject.for2008 | 180111 Environmental and Natural Resources Law | en |
| local.subject.for2008 | 180199 Law not elsewhere classified | en |
| local.subject.seo2008 | 960799 Environmental Policy, Legislation and Standards not elsewhere classified | en |
| local.subject.seo2008 | 910501 Agricultural and Environmental Standards | en |
| local.subject.seo2008 | 940499 Justice and the Law not elsewhere classified | en |
| local.profile.school | School of Law | en |
| local.profile.email | pmartin9@une.edu.au | en |
| local.output.category | C2 | en |
| local.record.place | au | en |
| local.record.institution | University of New England | en |
| local.publisher.place | China | en |
| local.format.startpage | 158 | en |
| local.format.endpage | 172 | en |
| local.identifier.volume | 2019 | en |
| local.contributor.lastname | 马丁 | en |
| dc.title.translated | Governing Agricultural Technologies: Legal Frontier of Innovation | en |
| dc.identifier.staff | une-id:pmartin9 | en |
| dc.title.transliterated | Nóngyè jìshù zhìlǐ: Kējì chuàngxīn de fǎlǜ guīzhì | en |
| local.booktitle.translated | Research in Agricultural Law | en |
| local.booktitle.transliterated | Nóngyè fǎlǜ yánjiū lùncóng | en |
| local.profile.orcid | 0000-0002-0243-2654 | en |
| local.profile.role | author | en |
| local.identifier.unepublicationid | une:1959.11/51732 | en |
| dc.identifier.academiclevel | Academic | en |
| local.abstract.english | Historically, waves of innovation in agriculture have significantly increased productivity, but each wave has also had some harmful consequences. In Europe, the enclosure of lands that had been collectively used (along with animal and plant genetic improvement) led to massive increases in farm productivity, but also to rural communities being further impoverished and often moved from land that they had traditionally occupied. The industrial revolution created machines that improved farming, and processing into valuable products, but it contributed to further rural dislocation, inhumane factories and dreadful living conditions, and massive environmental impacts. Starting in the 1960's, improved plant and animal genetics, chemical fertilisers, farm machinery and new farming methods; and increasingly powerful agricultural technology firms, market conglomerates, and corporate farming; transformed agriculture. It also significantly increased environmental harm from farming, and created more dislocation in rural society, still evident in depopulated rural areas in the United States, Europe and Australia (Pingali, P. L. (2012). Green revolution: Impacts, limits, and the path ahead. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America).<br> Internationally, agriculture is undergoing a new wave of innovation. There are many aspects to this: radical improvements in biotechnology, for example with the use of "gene shears" and accelerated breeding; information technology facilitated transactions including trading; energy innovations including biofuels; computer enabled farm management systems; new farming systems such as vertical farming or horticultural fertigation; and farm robotics, mechanization and precision farming equipment. Often radical innovations are intersecting to change the nature of farming. Having initially been slower to adopt agricultural industrialisation (and therefore leaving many rural communities intact), over the last half century China has experienced rapid and accelerating modernisation. Many farms use advanced agricultural technologies and farming methods, rural communities have now experienced depopulation and significant change, and China has firms that are leaders in the technologies that will further modernise agriculture.<br> Between 1995 and 2015 Chinese agricultural output grew seven-fold, more than double international performance. This occurred with a relatively small drop in farm workforce numbers, but with a more than sixty-fold increase in farm machinery (compared to an approximate threefold increase internationally) and a twenty-five - fold increase in the use of synthetic fertilisers (compared to a three-fold international increase). China's recently restated commitment to agricultural modernisation, and the significant investment being made in agricultural technologies, point to China becoming a powerhouse for agricultural innovation, including in "digital farming" and precision equipment.<br> Chinese food and agricultural start-ups raised almost $US6 billion in 2018 (though only a small part of venture capital investment is going to production technologies), and the trend in venture capital investment in Chinese agricultural high technology is strongly upwards. It seems likely that the bulk of Chinese firm advanced agricultural technology investment, as in other countries, occurs through established firms that invest substantially in research and development (e.g. Syngenta) rather than through start-ups. Internationally, significant changes to agricultural methods and to agricultural technology are triggering the need for governance changes. Traditional methods for regulating the risks of new technologies are having to change in response to new technologies, and the complications of technological hybrids when technologies are combined. For example, autonomous drones applying pesticides combine the governance issues of aircraft, computerised decision-making and pesticides.<br> Though firms operating in any country, including China, have to deal with their own domestic impact and risk-governance challenges, firms operating internationally will have to be able to also handle the shifting agricultural technology governance frameworks in other countries. This poses challenges for two types of Chinese firms. Chinese international investment in agriculture is increasing in many parts of the world, and Chinese agricultural firms must manage compliance with the laws and policies of their host countries. Chinese agricultural technology firms who export will also have to understand and comply with the rules in the countries that import their products.<br> In this paper I consider some of the legal issues that will be relevant to Chinese agricultural and agricultural technology businesses. The issues I will discuss will occur in most jurisdictions where Chinese firms operate, as well as within China itself. I use legal issues in in Australia, my home country, provide examples of the issues and some legal responses. | en |
| local.title.maintitle | 农业技术治理： 科技创新的法律规制 | en |
| local.output.categorydescription | C2 Non-Refereed Article in a Scholarly Journal | en |
| local.search.author | 马丁, 保罗 | en |
| local.uneassociation | Unknown | en |
| local.atsiresearch | No | en |
| local.sensitive.cultural | No | en |
| local.year.published | 2019 | - |
| local.fileurl.closedpublished | https://rune.une.edu.au/web/retrieve/5f085ad6-0f07-47ec-8b57-c72051862ce6 | en |
| local.subject.for2020 | 480203 Environmental law | en |
| local.subject.for2020 | 480202 Climate change law | en |
| local.subject.seo2020 | 150401 Agricultural and environmental standards and calibrations | en |
| Appears in Collections: | Journal Article School of Law | |
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