ω-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters Diminish Postprandial Lipemia in Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Abstract

<p><b>Context:</b></p> <p>Impaired postprandial chylomicron metabolism induces hypertriglyceridemia and may increase the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Omega-3 fatty acid ethyl ester (ω-3 FAEE) supplementation decreases plasma triglycerides. However, its effect on postprandial chylomicron metabolism in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) has not yet been investigated.</p> <p><b>Objective:</b></p> <p>We aimed to examine the effect of ω-3 FAEE supplementation on postprandial responses in plasma triglycerides, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) apolipoprotein B (apoB)-100, and apoB-48 in FH patients receiving standard cholesterol-lowering treatment.</p> <p><b>Design, Setting, and Patients:</b></p> <p>We carried out an 8-week open-label, randomized, crossover intervention trial to test the effect of oral supplementation with 4 g/d ω-3 FAEE (46% eicosapentaenoic acid and 38% docosahexaenoic acid) on postprandial triglyceride, VLDL-apoB-100, and apoB-48 responses in FH patients after ingestion of an oral fat load.</p> <p><b>Outcomes Measures:</b></p> <p>Plasma total and incremental triglyceride, VLDL-apoB-100, and apoB-48 0- to 10-hour area under the curve (AUC).</p> <p><b>Results:</b></p> <p>ω-3 FAEE supplementation significantly (<i>P</i> < .05 in all) reduced concentrations of fasting plasma triglyceride (-20%), apoB (-8%), VLDL-apoB-100 (-26%), and apoB-48 (-36%); as well as systolic blood pressure (-6%) and diastolic blood pressure (-6%). Postprandial triglyceride and VLDL-apoB-100 total AUCs (-19% and -26%, respectively; <i>P</i> < .01) and incremental AUCs (-18% and -35%, respectively; <i>P</i> < .05), as well as postprandial apoB-48 total AUC (-30%; <i>P</i> < .02) were significantly reduced by ω-3 FAEE supplementation.</p> <p><b>Conclusion:</b></p> <p>Supplementation with ω-3 FAEEs improves postprandial lipemia in FH patients receiving standard care; this may have implications for further reducing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in this high-risk patient group.</p>