Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/22588
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dc.contributor.authorAl-Shamma, Saharen
dc.contributor.authorBackhouse, Daviden
dc.contributor.authorCowie, Annetteen
dc.contributor.authorWilson, Susan Cen
dc.date.accessioned2018-02-21T11:18:00Z-
dc.date.created2016en
dc.date.issued2017-
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/22588-
dc.description.abstractArsenic (As) negatively affects the soil, and at high concentrations can cause biomass decrease, inhibition of photosynthesis and death of plants. Arsenic can enter the food chain via plant uptake and can be harmful to human health. Biological As-remediation is a process of using soil organisms or natural materials to reduce As concentration in soil and As toxicity in plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have a known role in enhancing plant growth and minimising effects of toxins. Magnetic biochar has recently gained interest for its capacity to adsorb pollutants, however research on its influence on accumulation of contaminants by plants and plant growth in contaminated soils is limited. Mycorrhizal fungi from different sources were tested for remediation of As in soil in two experiments. Commercial mycorrhizal inoculum was used to inoculate 8 species of vegetable plants (tomato, bean, capsicum, eggplant, lettuce, maize, okra and spinach) to study the effects on growth and on arsenic concentration and uptake in field contaminated soil. The plants were found to range in sensitivity to As. Arsenic reduced the growth of all species and the commercial mycorrhizal inoculum failed to improve the growth in contaminated soil. In another experiment mycorrhizal communities from contaminated and uncontaminated soil were propagated in pot culture and applied to maize in soil spiked with rates of arsenate from 0-75 mg kg-1. Both sources of mycorrhiza reduced arsenic concentration and uptake of maize, but inoculum from uncontaminated soil resulted in arsenic concentration and uptake that were half of those in plants inoculated with mycorrhiza from contaminated soil, although there was little difference in growth. Magnetic biochar, made from steam-activated coconut husk biochar and iron precipitate, and untreated biochar were applied to contaminated soil (156 mg kg-1 As), to determine effect on maize growth. The magnetic biochar adsorbed 3.8 times as much As per weight as raw biochar. Magnetic biochar reduced As concentration in shoot tissues by 42% and increased shoot dry weight by 40%. Raw biochar increased arsenic concentration in tissues and reduced shoot dry weight in contaminated soil. However, magnetic biochar reduced plant growth in uncontaminated soil, possibly due to excess iron. This study showed that, despite expectations, mycorrhiza from uncontaminated sites could be more effective for remediation than mycorrhiza from contaminated soils. It also showed for the first time that magnetic biochar can be used to remediate soil polluted with As. Mycorrhiza and magnetic biochar have potential roles in risk management for contaminated soil and in reducing arsenic concentration and uptake in plants, but further work is needed to improve methods of application.en
dc.languageenen
dc.titleMycorrhiza and Biochar for Remediation and Plant Production in Soils Polluted with Arsenicen
dc.typeThesis Doctoralen
dcterms.accessRightsUNE Greenen
dc.subject.keywordsSoil Biologyen
dc.subject.keywordsSoil Chemistry (excl Carbon Sequestration Science)en
dc.subject.keywordsCrop and Pasture Nutritionen
local.contributor.firstnameSaharen
local.contributor.firstnameDaviden
local.contributor.firstnameAnnetteen
local.contributor.firstnameSusan Cen
local.subject.for2008070306 Crop and Pasture Nutritionen
local.subject.for2008050303 Soil Biologyen
local.subject.for2008050304 Soil Chemistry (excl Carbon Sequestration Science)en
local.subject.seo2008961402 Farmland, Arable Cropland and Permanent Cropland Soilsen
local.subject.seo2008961202 Rehabilitation of Degraded Farmland, Arable Cropland and Permanent Cropland Environmentsen
dcterms.RightsStatementCopyright 2016 - Sahar Al-Shammaen
dc.date.conferred2017en
local.thesis.degreelevelDoctoralen
local.thesis.degreenameDoctor of Philosophyen
local.contributor.grantorUniversity of New Englanden
local.profile.schoolSchool of Environmental and Rural Scienceen
local.profile.schoolSchool of Environmental and Rural Scienceen
local.profile.schoolSchool of Environmental and Rural Scienceen
local.profile.emailsalsham5@myune.edu.auen
local.profile.emaildbackhou@une.edu.auen
local.profile.emailacowie4@une.edu.auen
local.profile.emailswilso24@une.edu.auen
local.output.categoryT2en
local.record.placeauen
local.record.institutionUniversity of New Englanden
local.identifier.epublicationsrecordune_thesis-20161221-10453en
local.access.fulltextYesen
local.contributor.lastnameAl-Shammaen
local.contributor.lastnameBackhouseen
local.contributor.lastnameCowieen
local.contributor.lastnameWilsonen
dc.identifier.staffune-id:salsham5en
dc.identifier.staffune-id:dbackhouen
dc.identifier.staffune-id:acowie4en
dc.identifier.staffune-id:swilso24en
local.profile.orcid0000-0003-0663-6002en
local.profile.roleauthoren
local.profile.rolesupervisoren
local.profile.rolesupervisoren
local.profile.rolesupervisoren
local.identifier.unepublicationidune:22774en
dc.identifier.academiclevelAcademicen
dc.identifier.academiclevelAcademicen
dc.identifier.academiclevelAcademicen
dc.identifier.academiclevelAcademicen
local.title.maintitleMycorrhiza and Biochar for Remediation and Plant Production in Soils Polluted with Arsenicen
local.output.categorydescriptionT2 Thesis - Doctorate by Researchen
local.thesis.borndigitalyesen
local.search.authorAl-Shamma, Saharen
local.search.supervisorBackhouse, Daviden
local.search.supervisorCowie, Annetteen
local.search.supervisorWilson, Susan Cen
local.open.fileurlhttps://rune.une.edu.au/web/retrieve/195e120d-e035-4b92-b31d-2668c2fc6826en
local.uneassociationYesen
local.year.conferred2017en
local.fileurl.openhttps://rune.une.edu.au/web/retrieve/195e120d-e035-4b92-b31d-2668c2fc6826en
local.subject.for2020300407 Crop and pasture nutritionen
local.subject.for2020410603 Soil biologyen
local.subject.for2020410604 Soil chemistry and soil carbon sequestration (excl. carbon sequestration science)en
local.subject.seo2020180605 Soilsen
local.subject.seo2020180604 Rehabilitation or conservation of terrestrial environmentsen
Appears in Collections:School of Environmental and Rural Science
Thesis Doctoral
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