A Multi-Faceted Analysis of Performance Criteria: Implications for the Education and Assessment of Elite Soccer Officials in Australia

Abstract

The standard of officiating is one of the most perennial and problematic issues in sport. The problem is exacerbated by a general lack of understanding concerning the precise nature of officiating work. Studies have made preliminary progress in identifying officiating performance criteria in some sports such as Touch football and basketball (see Anshel, 1995; Anshel & Webb, 1991), however, studies like these are rare. This investigation took steps to address this void in officiating research. Specifically, the research comprised two studies. The preliminary study involved implementing techniques, based on a hybrid Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS), to identify essential performance criteria. The principal study utilised these criteria as the basis of a survey questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to meet three specific aims, namely, which criteria are most important; which criteria are undertaken with adequate levels of preparation; and, as a consequence of the first two aims, which criteria require greatest improvement. In addition, as the hybrid BARS technique had not been analysed comprehensively in previous research, the validation of the technique formed a secondary aim of the principal study.