This article presents a series of practitioner-focused identity “snapshots” drawn from interviews with experienced teachers of English as an Additional Language or Dialect (EAL/D) working in Australian schools. It supports pre-service and early-career EAL/D educators in understanding the lived realities of Australian EAL/D teaching through thematically organised insights based on teachers’ personal narratives and reflections. Based on interviews exploring personal experiences, classroom practices, and sociopolitical contexts, five key identity themes were identified: (1) personal background shapes teaching identity, (2) teaching is deeply student-centred, (3) institutional and policy challenges impact classroom practice, (4) emotional labour is a significant part of the job, and (5) EAL/D teachers often become advocates. These snapshots offer accessible, authentic accounts of Australian EAL/D teaching, designed to support reflective practice and professional learning in teacher education programs. Accompanied by a practical identity reflection toolkit, they translate teacher narratives into structured, applied learning. Addressing a gap in Australian EAL/D research, the study centres teacher voice through thematically organised practitioner accounts purpose-built to scaffold identity work in teacher preparation.

The idea of Equality, Nicholas Smith observes in his insightful new book, Basic Equality and Discrimination Reconciling Theory and Law, is both concrete and ambiguous at the same time. It is concrete in that the elemental outlines of what basic equality is can be recognised and understood, in spite of the fact that in particular circumstances it may be difficult to determine whether a chosen legal or political action respects basic equality. It is ambiguous because it is used to justify and often substantiate the moral, substantive and instrumental aspects of vastly different divergent philosophical and jurisprudential perspectives. At the same time, it is used as rhetorical lubricate for all types of political programs or legal decisions. This rhetoric finds proponents of gay marriage, affirmative action for ethnic Malays, aboriginal autonomy in Bolivia, women advocating for the equal rather than the 'complementary' nature of the sexes advocated by religious conservatives in the Tunisian constitution, the expiration of a law that allowed thousands of ultra-Orthodox Jews to be exempted from military duty, and support for traditional family values, all using the language of equality and equal rights for vastly different political and social programs.

While procedural and substantive legal rules are crucial determinants in a particular dispute, previous attitudes and paradigms relating to particular areas of policy often continue to inform subsequent policy and legal changes. Invariably the courts must self-consciously grapple with the legal categories and doctrines handed down through precedent to address new situations and fill in the interstices of statutory enactments. This process is not simply by a neutral and detached application of rules to facts at a particular historical point but is the product of a sequence of decisions which have embedded and institutionalised certain outcomes (Shapiro and Stone Sweet 2002, 114). Within these outcomes history and the present are compressed into a decision which will in turn condition and in some sense direct subsequent decisions to move legal doctrine toward a preferred construct of how and why the rules should be applied; implicating and reflecting a wider legal tradition, governmental policy and socio-political order which undergird that tradition (Merryman 1994, 3-4).

Breeding for cattle that produce lower methane emissions, whilst maintaining or improving productivity has the potential to be a permanent and cumulative strategy for the minimisation of greenhouse gas emissions. Emissions traits in beef cattle are heritable and previous studies have shown that breeding for lower methane emissions is possible. However, a large number of animals measured for emissions traits, simultaneously with production traits, is required to underpin EBVs to allow for effective selection. This paper discusses key measurement technologies, concepts underpinning reference population design and summarises the current reference population for temperate beef cattle in Australia.