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Herbs, perennial, not cespitose, stoloniferous, aquatic. Cu1ms solitary, trigonous. Leaves basal; ligules present, ciliate; blades flat to V-shaped in cross section, prominently keeled on abaxial surface. Inflorescences terminal, umbellate heads or capitate; involucral bracts 1-6+, spreading, leaflike. Spikelets: scales 5-10+, 3-ranked, spirally arranged, each subtending flower. Flowers bisexual; perianth absent; stamens 3; styles 2-fid, linear, base persistent. Achenes planoconvex, margins and apex corky.

While name, person, thing, land, and history might all seem discrete concepts to the modern mind, they are not so separated in the dynamic imaginative consciousness of the Aborigines of Australia - or Kooris, as in more recent times the native people have come to prefer themselves to be called. Thus notions of onomastics embracing the separate realms of anthroponyms and toponyms are not valid for a people who have totally integrated in micro-sociology their vital beliefs about the universe and their relationships with places, animals, plants and other peoples. For the 'Dreaming' an underlying power-filled ground of reality and its manifestation in land and nature constitute the foundations of all traditional Aboriginal thought and of the unexpected yet irresistible cultural renaissance which since the 1970s has revitalised the indigenous peoples of the continent. The 'traditional' (past-present) is also the true History of people and place because it was in that always-to-be-remembered time out of time that the Ancestral Beings moved about, shaping what was nothing into something, forming the landscape and creating the plants, animals and people of the known world. All were related to each other through interactions that had taken place in the dreaming. Laws made then were passed on to man and have moved through the generations. All the universe was in a harmony between the physical and the spiritual.

Herbs, perennial, not cespitose, rhizomatous. Culms solitary, trigonous, 12 cm or less, smooth. Leaves cauline; sheaths present; ligules absent; blades flat to V-shaped in cross section, prominently keeled on abaxial surface. Inflorescences terminal, capitate; spikes 1-6; spikelets 100+; involucral bracts 1-6, spreading to suberect, leaflike.

Herbs, perennial, cespitose, rhizomatous. Cu1ms terete or distally rounded-trigonous. Leaves basal; ligules present; blades flat. Inflorescences terminal, spicate; involucral bracts several, suberect, proximal leaflike, distal scalelike; spikelets 2-25 per spike. Spikelets: scales 2-5, lateral spikelets spirally arranged, each subtending flower, terminal spikelets pseudodistichous. Flowers bisexual; perianth bristles (0–)3-5(-6), barbed, shorter than achene; stamens 3; styles linear, 2-fid, base persistent. Achenes biconvex or piano-convex. x = 20.

Herbs, perennial or rarely annual. Rhizomes short. Culms terete. Leaves basal or cauline; sheath reddish brown; leaf blade flat, 3-angled, or semiterete. Involucral bracts leaflike, sheathing. Inflorescences paniculate, racemose, or rarely headlike. Spikelets usually narrowly ovoid or oblong-ovoid, usually 1-4-flowered, basal 1 or 2 flowers usually bisexual, apical 1 or 2 flowers male. Glumes dark colored with whitish margin, distichous, usually papery, deciduous, 1-veined, keeled, basal 2 or 3 empty. Perianth bristles 6 or absent. Stamens 3. Style slender; stigmas 3. Nutlet ellipsoid or obovoid, usually terete, 3-sided, or rarely biconvex, smooth or with reticulate ornamentation. More than 120 species: mostly in Australia, a few in E and SE Asia, Pacific islands (New Caledonia, New Zealand), Europe, and America; four species (one endemic) in China.

Herbs, perennial, forming slender to massive tussocks. Roots stout. Rhizomes woody. Culms erect, usually tall and robust, terete, several noded. Leaves linear, deeply many channeled, narrowly crescent-shaped, twisted lengthwise through 180°, involute on drying; ligule present, usually truncate, papery. Inflorescences plumose-paniculate, usually decompound, consisting of several fascicles per node. Spikelets brown or black, numerous, solitary or 2-4 together. Flowers 1 or 2, apical one bisexual, usually with a second more basal one male. Glumes black or dark brown, spirally arranged, papery; basal 3-8 glumes empty, lanceolate, keeled, abaxial surface and margin scabrous, apex acute; apical 2 or 3 glumes smaller than remaining ones, thin at anthesis but becoming thick in fruit, apex obtuse; apicalmost glume bearing a bisexual flower. Perianth bristles absent. Stamens (2 or)3[or 6]; filaments elongating markedly after anthesis, persistent on nutlet and entangled in glumes thereby suspending fruit. Stigmas 3[or 4]. Nutlet ovoid, ellipsoid, obovoid-fusiform, or globose, terete or 3-sided; endocarp blackish, thick, bony. About 30 species: S and SE Asia; three species in China.

Herbs, perennial. Rhizomes short, creeping. Culms terete. Leaves cauline; leaf blade V-shaped in cross section, margin scabrous. Involucral bracts leaflike, sheathing. Inflorescence an elongated compound anthela. Spikelets ovoid. Glumes ± spirally arranged, basal 4-6 empty, apical 2 fertile, apicalmost flower bearing a nutlet. Perianth bristles absent. Stamens 2. Stigmas 3; style base not distinct, thickened, persistent. Nutlet ovoid, subterete. About four species: tropical and warm temperate regions of Asia, Australia, Europe, North and South America, and Pacific islands; one species in China

Herbs, perennial, often with long scaly rhizomes. Culms tufted, erect, flattened, angular, or terete, usually smooth, rarely rough. Leaves distichous; basal sheaths brown to purplish; ligule absent; leaf blade unifacial, compressed or terete, sometimes reduced to a sheath. Involucral bracts sheathing and with a short blade. Inflorescences paniculate, consisting of few to several partial panicles, main axis often sinuous. Spikelets often clustered, rarely solitary, ovoid to narrowly ovoid, compressed. Glumes distichous, basal 1 or 2 flowers bisexual, apical flower(s) male. Perianth bristles absent. Stamens 3. Style base distinctly thickened, conic or pyramidal, persistent; stigmas 3. Nutlet stipitate or sessile, ovoid, oblong, or oblong-ellipsoid, ± terete or 3-sided, smooth or rugulose, apex beaked. About 50 species: mostly tropical and temperate regions, especially Australia; three species (two endemic) in China.

Herbs, perennial. Rhizomes short, woody. Culms tufted, erect, terete or flattened. Leaves basal, distichous, usually equitant; leaf blade terete or flattened, similar to culm, sheathing. Inflorescences paniculate. Spikelets narrowly ovoid-oblong. Flowers usually (1 or)2 or 3(-5), proximal one usually functionally male, distal one bisexual. Glumes 3-8, seemingly spirally arranged, mostly distally scaberulose, basal ones empty. Perianth scales [3 or]6, shorter than nutlet, fleshy. Stamens 3; connective apex apiculate. Style slender, base persistent. Nutlet oblong or oblong-ellipsoid, ± terete, usually smooth and shiny. About 100 or more species: mostly Australia including many undescribed species, SE Asia, Pacific islands (New Zealand); one species in China.

Herbs, perennial. Rhizomes short. Culms tufted, erect, terete or 3-angled. Leaves basal, rarely 1 or 2 cauline, often reduced to sheaths; ligule absent. Inflorescences paniculate, usually much branched. Spikelets solitary or clustered, compressed, narrowly ovoid-oblong, 1- or 2(or 3)-flowered, basalmost flower usually male, apical flower(s) bisexual. Glumes 4-6, pale brown, distichous, membranous, glabrous, 1-veined, keeled, basal 2-4 empty. Perianth scales (3-)6, whitish, lanceolate to linear, short, flat, hyaline. Stamens 3; connective apex apiculate. Stigmas 3. Nutlet brown, sessile, obovoid or pyriform, small, 3-sided, with 3 pale ribs, hispid at apex. Six species: all in Australia, one extending to Asia; one species in China.

Perennials. Rhizomes woody. Culms erect, terete, with transverse septa. Leaves basal, without a leaf blade. Primary involucral bracts subulate, cylindric, erect. Inflorescence a single spike, pseudolateral, with many spirally arranged imbricate glumelike bracts. Basal glumelike bracts empty, most subtending pseudospikelets. Pseudospikelets with 2 outer strongly keeled glumes and many non-keeled glumes, most subtending 1 stamen and a solitary apparently terminal female flower. Perianth bristles absent. Stigma 2, long, slender. Nutlet plano-convex, apex not beaked. One species: tropical Asia, Australia, Madagascar, Pacific islands.

Herbs, annual or occasionally perennial, tenuous, with thin fibers. Leaves cauline, sheathing, without a ligule, regularly spaced along stem; leaf blade linear, short. Inflorescence a capitate cyme, condensed, exserted from leaf sheath. Spikelets unisexual. Male spikelets basal on inflorescence; glumes usually 3, usually thin and narrow, each with 1 or 2 male flowers. Female spikelets apical on inflorescence; glumes 2, opposite, equal in size, veined, each with 1 female flower, apex 3-lobed or not. Male flowers: anthers 1-3. Female flowers: stigmas 3. Disk present. Nutlet small, globose, with vertical ribs or reticulate, sometimes apically hairy, tightly enclosed in 2 subtending glumes and shed with them. About six species: tropics into warm temperate regions of both hemispheres; two species in China.

Herbs, perennial or annual, sometimes with a creeping rhizome. Culms tufted or solitary, usually pubescent, nodose. Leaves mostly cauline, pubescent or glabrous; sheath usually completely surrounding culm; ligule tubular, hyaline; leaf blade usually elongate, linear to lanceolate. Involucral bracts leaflike, sheathing at base. Inflorescences paniculiform, with few to many glomerulate clusters or sessile spikelets at few to several nodes. Spikelets ovoid to ellipsoid, terete, many flowered, usually pubescent. Glumes spirally imbricately arranged, obovate, broadly elliptic, or oblong, each subtending a bisexual flower but basal 1 or 2 empty, apex obtuse and awned. Perianth bristles 3 or 6, 3 outer ones needlelike (sometimes reduced or absent), 3 inner ones squamellate and alternate with outer whorl. Stamens 3. Style not or hardly dilated at base, continuous with ovary, glabrous; stigmas 3. Nutlet ± stipitate, obovoid to ovoid, 3-sided, ± smooth or tuberculate. About 30 species: warm regions of the world, most species in tropical Africa and tropical America; three species (one endemic) in China.

Herbs, annual or perennial, usually cespitose, often rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous; rhizomes rarely with terminal tubers or bulbs, horizontal and long or ascending and caudexlike. Cu1ms sometimes solitary, terete, 3-5-angled or more, or strongly compressed in cross section, spongy with internal air cavities and incomplete transverse septa or sometimes hollow with complete transverse septa. Leaves basal, 2 per culm; ligules absent; blades absent or a mucro or awn (tooth) at apex of sheath, very rarely flattened, to 6 cm. Inflorescences terminal; spikelet 1; involucral bracts absent, rarely a proximal scale of spikelet resembling short bract. Spikelets: scales 4-500 or more, spirally or rarely distichously arranged, each subtending flower or proximal 1-2(-3) empty, stramineous (straw-brown) to medium brown or red brown or blackish brown. Flowers bisexual; perianth of (0–)3-6(-10) bristles, straight or curved, shorter than to 2 times longer than achene, retrorsely (to antrorsely) spinulose or sometimes smooth; stamens 1-3; styles linear, 2-3-fid, base (tubercle) usually persistent, usually enlarged, usually different in appearance from achene. Achenes biconvex, piano-convex, or trigonous to subterete.

Plants perennial or annual, some species often proliferating from spikelets or stoloniferous and sometimes reproducing entirely asexually. Rhizomes absent or present, creeping or ascending and caudexlike, 0.2-1 mm thick. Cu1ms rarely compressed, 0.1-0.75 mm wide. Leaves: distal leaf sheaths persistent or disintegrating, closely sheathing, thinly membranous to sometimes papery, apex usually acute to acuminate

Herbs, perennial, not cespitose, stoloniferous, aquatic. Culms many-stemmed (branched), with stems in successive false whorls, terete; whorls terminating in clusters of leaves essentially indistinguishale from stems. Leaves sheaths, tubular, transparent, or scalelike when subtending stems; ligules absent; blades absent. Inflorescences terminal; spikelets 1; involucral bracts absent. Spikelets borne singly on branches arising from among leaves; scales 2, distichous, proximal empty, distal subtending flower. Flowers bisexual; perianth bristles 6-11, straight or curved, slightly longer than achene, retrorsely spinulose; stamens 3; styles persistent, linear, 2-fid, base slightly enlarged. Achenes biconvex.

The classical understanding of the term acceleration is progress through an education program at a rate faster, or at an age younger, than conventional. This is now referred to, more appropriately, as academic acceleration and is based on the premise that each child has a right to realize his or her potential. Academic acceleration is valid pedagogy, is grounded in and supported by research, and is an appropriate response to the educational and social needs of a student whose cognitive ability and academic achievement are several years beyond those of their age-peers. Yet worldwide it is an educational option little-used. Even though the research on acceleration is so uniformly and distinctly positive and the benefits of well-administered acceleration are so unequivocal, educators are reluctant to accelerate children, and some educational systems proscribe its transparent use. This entry presents an outline of current theory of academic acceleration through a discussion of a curriculum for gifted students, the benefits of acceleration, a model for acceleration, guidelines for implementing an acceleration program, and ongoing issues related to the practice of acceleration.

Farm crime refers to criminal off ending which impacts upon the function of the pastoral, agricultural and aquaculture industries. Common forms of victimization include trespassing, illegal shooting and hunting, breaking and entering, the theft of equipment and tools, with livestock theft being the 'quintessential rural crime', as well as the theft of farm supplies and inputs (such as fencing supplies, chemicals and fuel), firearms, water, fruit crops and personal items.

The celebration of Adonis's rites by women on rooftops in ancient Greece reflects CANAANITE religious practices, but to what extent the Greek cult was Eastern is indeterminate. Adonis was APHRODITE's beloved; when he was slain by a boar, she laid him in a bed of lettuce. He was worshipped by Greek women from at least the sixth century BCE, his rites centering on ritual laments, breast-beating and rending of their clothes to mark his death; this was a private cult not sanctioned by the state.

Aelius Aristides was a second-century A.D. Greek rhetorician from Asia Minor, best known for his Orations, which were prepared in advance of delivery. He also wrote the Hieroi Logoi [Sacred Tales], which detail his relationship in his many sicknesses with the healing god Asclepius. His Orations were much admired in Late Antiquity, influencing many writers, and have entered the western canon of rhetoric.

An Athenian, whose grandmother-also named Agariste, daughter of the tyrant CLEISTHENES OF SICYON-had married MEGACLES (II) of the ALCMAEONIDAE family of ATHENS.

The child empress Agnes of France was the spouse of two emperors of Byzantium, the boy emperor Alexius II Comnenus, and subsequently Andronicus I Comnenus, the latter's first cousin once removed. Agnes was born to King Louis VII of France's third wife, Adèle (or Alix) of Blois-Champagne, the daughter of Count Theobald II of Blois, in 1172. This made her the younger sister of the future French king Philip II Augustus. The house of Blois-Champagne was the second most powerful magnate house in France (after the house of Plantagenet). The emperor Manuel I Comnenus was looking for allies in the west, since the Peace of Venice in 1177 had effectively allied the Pope (Alexander III), the Holy Roman Empire, Venice, the other Italian communes and Sicily against him. After discussion with the count of Flanders, Philip of Alsace, who visited Constantinople in early 1178 on his way back from the Holy Land, Manuel sent an embassy, including Philip, to the French court over the winter of 1178-1179 to secure a match between his son Alexius (born in 1169) and the princess Agnes.[[1]] This match may have been opposed by the members of the house of Blois-Champagne, who were pro-German.[[2]]

Part of the false image that assumes rural areas are relatively crime free is the perception that agricultural crime is both infrequent and insignificant. However, recent research from various countries finds high levels of property crime victimization, with specific ecological correlates for different kinds of offenses. Further, food producers are part of local, national, and global economic and political systems, and are embedded in social structures, including systems of inequality based on property ownership, which are important for understanding the wider context of agricultural crime in countries around the world. As well, agriculturalists themselves are often the offenders, ranging from the commission of petty theft, to violations of environmental regulations, to the exploitation of farm labor. Agriculture is a multibillion dollar industry requiring high input costs, such as machinery, chemicals, and other supplies, and a considerable investment of labor, either by most members of the farm family or in association with nonfamily members hired for their labor. In fact, agriculture is as "big business" in its orientation as any other sector of the economy, especially within advanced capitalist societies. Yet, criminology and criminal justice scholars rarely pay attention to agricultural crime.

A festival celebrated principally at Orchomenos but also at Chaeronea, both in central Greece. Plutarch in the second century CE provides the main details in an account of a specific celebration at Orchomenos (Plut. 'Mor'. 299e-300a). In the myth of the festival, three sisters, daughters of Minyas of Orchomenos, became subject to 'mania' (madness), the particular area of the god Dionysos. They craved human flesh and ripped apart alive and consumed one sister's son in a situation that parallels the depiction in Euripides' 'Bacchae' of the women followers of Dionysos at Thebes, in which the maenads tear apart live animals and the king of Thebes with their bare hands.

Agrippa Postumus (12 BCE-14 CE) was the last of five children born to Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia, the daughter of Augustus. Adopted by Augustus in 4 CE, he was relegated to the island of Planasia in 7 CE, where he remained under military guard until his death.

Vipsania Agrippina (Maior) (ca. 14 BCE-33 CE), daughter of M. Vipsanius Agrippa (RE 2) and Julia (RE 550), granddaughter of Augustus (RE 132), married Germanicus (RE 138) in 5 CE and produced nine children (Suet. Cal. 7), six of whom survived infancy: Nero Caesar (RE 146), Drusus Caesar (RE 137), Gaius "Caligula" (RE 133), Agrippina the Younger (Minor) (RE 556), Julia Drusilla (RE 567), and Julia Livilla (RE 575). Accompanying Germanicus to the Rhine (14-16) and the east (17-19), she helped end the mutiny of 14 CE, prevented the destruction of the Rhine bridge (15), received divine honors on Lesbos (17), and toured Egypt, thereby incurring Tiberius' displeasure (Tac. Ann. 1.40-44, 69; 2.53-4, 59-61). On Germanicus' death (19), Agrippina carried his ashes to Rome escorted by two cohorts of Praetorians and large crowds (Tac. Ann. 2.75; 3.1-6).

Alverstone, 1st viscount (1842-1915), judge and Conservative politician. A highly successful advocate, Richard Everard Webster accepted Salisbury's offer to become attorney-general in 1885 and entered parliament the same year.

After the establishment of Armidale, early New Englanders received medical attention at the hands of medical practioners in their own homes or in the consulting rooms of the local physicians. These rooms included venues rented in the local hotels. An improvement was made with the establishment of the first hospital in Dumaresq Street near the corner of Marsh Street in 1853. This enterprise was relocated to the corner of Donnelly and O'Dell Streets prior to the subsequent construction of a hospital at the current site in 1883. The Donnelly Street building remained as the infectious diseases ward until 1911 when the old building was demolished and the site burned to prevent the spread of disease. Whilst doctors, midwives and the coroner made house calls in early Armidale it was not until January 1927, after a public meeting called by the then Mayor, Morgan Stephens, that the first ambulance service for Armidale commenced from a house provided rent free for a year in Butler Street. This service was free to residents of the New England area. The increase in demand for the service saw its base move from Butler Street to Barney Street before being housed in a purpose built premises in Rusden Street near the Town Hall in 1933.

An order of large (several to many centimeters long) flatworms without proglottids ("unsegmented") and intestine. Eight species have been found in the body cavity of freshwater and marine fishes, and of freshwater turtles. (The Cestodaria, in which they were formerly included jointly with the Gyrocotylidea, is probably not a valid taxon.) The known life cycles (of three species) include crustaceans (Amphipoda, Decapoda) as intermediate hosts. Final hosts become infected by eating intermediate hosts. Larvae are characterized by anterior penetration glands, two separate posterior nephridiopores (external excretory structure openings), and five pairs of polymorphic posterior hooks, which are retained at the posterior end of the adult (see illustration). Adults are hermaphroditic. Testes are scattered throughout most of the body; the ovary is located near the posterior end and opens into the uterus, which runs forward to near the anterior end, turns backward toward the posterior end, and then forward again to open through an anterior uterine pore. The follicular vitellarium (the part of the female reproductive system that produces nutritive cells filled with yolk) extends along much of the body margins. A muscular proboscis is located at the anterior end, and is sometimes very weakly developed or absent.

The concept of animal rights is discussed and distinguished from animal welfare. A brief history of attitudes to animal sentience and welfare is followed by contemporary activity in protecting animals used in research. Differences between countries in the legal protection of animals used in research in the Western world are covered, as are the movements active in campaigning for animal rights and/or welfare. Finally, debates about which species are covered by legal protection in research are discussed, drawing attention to the current inconsistencies regarding which invertebrates should be included in ethical guidelines for research and which need not be so protected.

Animals are ubiquitous in the literature and culture of Victorian Britain. To varying degrees of visibility, they were part of the everyday lives of the Victorians as raw material, labour, transport, food, clothing, entertainment, companionship, and scientific knowledge produced through animal observation and experimentation. Correspondingly, a remarkable menagerie of creatures can be found across all Victorian literary genres, whether in sympathetic interdependence with, or as objects of instrumental use by, humans: apes, cattle and sheep, rodents, reptiles and saurians, sea creatures, insects and birds, wolves and hyenas, zebras and elephants, large and small cats, and the most storied of all animals the horse and the dog. Beyond such recognizable species, there are human/animal hybrids that trouble biological and social taxonomies: Robert Browning's Caliban, Rudyard Kipling's Mowgli, and - toward the end of the century - such imaginary transmutations as H. G. Wells's "Beast People" and Morlocks and Robert Louis Stevenson's Mr. Hyde. The impact of animals on Victorian Britain's imagination and artistic practices, therefore, has significant implications for an understanding of its social and cultural life.

The law has provided remedies for those injured by animals from earliest times, no doubt a reflection of the widespread practice of keeping animals and the propensity of certain animals to do damage if they escaped from their keeper's control. Apart from allowing claims for injury where the keeper has been negligent, a special liability regime, instituted by the Animals Act 1971 (UK), also applies to animals. This regime traces its history to the old action of 'scientia' whereby the keeper of certain types of animal was strictly liable (that is, without fault) for damage caused by that animal, and to the action for cattle trespass whereby the owner of cattle was strictly liable for any damage to property caused by cattle trespassing on another's land. In the 'scientia' action a distinction was made between animals dangerous by virtue of their breed, such as lions and elephants ('ferae naturae'), and animals of a breed not considered dangerous ('ferae manseuto').

Anna Dalassena (Anna Dalassene), 'Mother of the Comneni', was to play an important role in orchestrating the rise to power of her family in the second half of the eleventh century. Indeed, as regent, she openly administered the empire in the early years of her son Alexius I's reign. She had been born c. 1025-1030, daughter of Alexius Charon and a Dalassena (the daughter of Adrian Dalassenus). Her father had gained his name of 'Charon' because of the efficiency with which he killed every enemy he encountered, and the fact that he adopted this new surname implies that he had not been a member of a prominent family. The more aristocratic Dalassenus family on Anna's mother's side originally came from Dalasa-Tarash on the river Euphrates, though Adontz speculated that the family may have had Armenian origins. Dalasseni served as governors of Antioch in the late tenth and eleventh centuries, and were prominent in the military in the Balkans in the 1060s and 1070s, being stationed as commanders at Thessalonica, Serres and Skopje. Such was the family's standing that Constantine Dalassenus (governor of Antioch in 1025) on two separate occasions in 1028 and in 1041 nearly acquired the throne after twice being short-listed as a candidate for marrying the much-married empress Zoe.