Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are an eclectic society with diverse needs and aspirations in relation to the commercialisation of their traditional plant foods (bush foods). Their interests reflect different worldviews, social structures, personal circumstances and development goals. There is very little legal support for the interests of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in bush food commercialisation. This thesis uses a combination of methods to develop an integrated framework of legal and institutional strategies to better support the diverse interests of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in this commercial context. The research draws upon legal and systems-based analysis to identify pivotal transactions that occur along bush food commercialisation pathways and interventions that might better enable Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to realise their goals. While a central focus of the research is legal arrangements, of necessity the proposals suggested in this thesis go beyond the conventional bounds of legal research. This is because useful applications or reforms of the law depend upon there being potential strategies that the law might enable. A large part of this research has been to identify potential strategies and then place possible legal arrangements within this context.