This dataset relates to the analysis of the faunal remains recovered from Saruq al-Hadid, undertaken as part of James Roberts' doctoral thesis. The dataset demonstrates the importance of wild animals to the occupation of Saruq al-Hadid, the unique nature of the relationship between humans and camels at the site, and the movement of marine resources to the desert interior in late prehistory. The data included was collected following the methodology described in James Roberts' thesis and includes taxonomic and skeletal element data taken from the animal bone, data regarding the chemical analysis of fish otoliths using LA-ICPMS and the raw measurements taken from the animal bone remains themselves. This dataset includes all the data that was utilised to come to the conclusions highlighted in Roberts' thesis.