Physician turnover is a critical issue facing Ministry of Health (MOH) hospitals in Saudi Arabia. In the literature on employee turnover, there has been no agreement on the determinants of employee turnover or their measurement. This may be because the factors that determine turnover vary according to the research discipline, the employee profession and/or the organizational context. Therefore, the general purpose of this study is to comprehensively investigate physicians' turnover intentions in MOH hospitals in the city of Riyadh. Turnover Intention was the main dependent variable in this study because of the difficulty of studying the actual physician turnover and the importance of this variable for the employers. A specific turnover intention model was proposed based on the Price (2001) Model of Employee Turnover. Following the estimation of prevalence rate of physicians' turnover intention in the target population, the proposed model along with demographic information was utilized to first determine if there were relationships between the physicians' demographic characteristics and their turnover intentions, and second to identify the key determinants of physicians' turnover intentions in MOH hospitals in the city of Riyadh. Finally, the study sought to identify any differences in the determinants of turnover intention between Saudi and non-Saudi physicians in the targeted population.

Responding to incidents involving the mentally ill forms a significant part of police work and as a result the police play a vital role in the initial management of these situations in the community. This thesis reports research that employed quantitative and qualitative data collection methods to investigate the perceptions held by New South Wales Police concerning the aspects of education and training in the Associate Degree in Policing Practice (ADPP) at the Police College and in the workplace that affect the knowledge, skills and ability of junior police to respond to incidents involving the mentally ill. Continuing education and training was also explored to determine what mental health curriculum was essential pre-attestation and what could be provided later through continuing education and training.

The goal of this study was to explore the construct of organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) cultural context, particularly in the federal hospitals of the Ministry of Health (MOH). The research answered the recent call by Organ, Podsakoff and MacKenzie (2006:136) for additional research regarding the examination of OCB in non-Western cultural contexts in order to fully understand the impact of cultural characteristics on OCB. The research employed a cross-sectional survey to collect quantitative and qualitative data from 12 federal hospitals in the UAE; 1007 usable survey questionnaire responses were obtained from employees from different nationalities, in different types of occupations, and from a range of hospital sizes. The survey comprised mainly the original OCB scale that was developed and validated by Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Moorman and Fetter (1990:134) plus some new components specific to the UAE context. One open-ended question was also included in the survey in order to provide more insights into additional areas of OCB that might be relevant to the UAE cultural context. The study was classified as a predominantly quantitative study. Three major types of quantitative techniques were chosen in order to inform the aim and the objectives of this research; exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Finally, thematically-clustered matrix displays were used to categorise the qualitative data to assist in the production of meaningful themes.

Road trauma is a public health issue worldwide. The Emergency Medical Service (EMS) focuses on improving trauma patient outcomes by providing medical care and transporting patients to the appropriate health facility as quickly as possible. The aim of this study is to provide basic knowledge and recommendations for the improvement of current EMS management practice in relation to road trauma, in particular, in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand. An understanding of current EMS operation in response to Road Traffic Injury (RTI) enhances knowledge that informs the management of EM Services and identifies factors that can achieve better patient outcomes. The study consists of two parts: (i) a description of a road traffic injury and EMS response profile based on data available from KKRH Trauma Registry and the KK EMS database for KK EMS health area, and (ii) an exploratory qualitative analysis using in-depth interviews with KK EMS staff to determine how EMS management and patient outcomes could be improved. Many important road traffic injury risks from an eight year period from 1998-2005 were identified such as being a motorcycle rider, a young male, working as a labourer, not wearing a helmet while riding two-wheeled vehicles, festival and weekend periods, and rural location. The available EMS data from 2003-2007 indicates that EMS responses are to some extent adequate for the requirement of emergency calls. However, the dramatic increase in non-urgent cases in the past several years indicates some level of inefficiency. In-depth interviews with 20 EMS staff, who had experience in EMS employment, provided data for the qualitative part of the study. Thematic analysis was used. EMS staff commented on a number of social issues particularly regarding issues associated with alcohol-related injuries of young male motorcyclists, lack of the public awareness of EM Service provision and the professionalism of EMS staff. The study highlights that the KK social context has an influence on the effectiveness of management of both road safety strategies and EMS provided. The recognition of the impact of local worldview of management needs to be considered in the management of EMS of RTI.

This dissertation presents the results of a qualitative study of career transition experiences of male scientists and engineers. The sample population was selected from organizations in research and development, industrial, and academic fields in geographically diverse locations in the United States. Examples of career transitions from this population include job reassignment, relocation, being laid off, leaving the corporate world to become a consultant or establish one's own business, making a radical change in a career field, and taking an early retirement. The study addresses the challenges the technical professionals faced and the effects of these challenges from psychosocial perspectives. A narrative approach was used to collect data from 14 male scientists and engineers. The collected data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Examples of the emerging themes that helped in a successful career transition were self-efficacy, resilience, optimism, flexibility, adaptation, and spousal support. The factors that described the dynamics in the career transition experiences were identified as personhood, relationships, lifestyle, and workplace environment and corporate culture. The findings and their implications are discussed in reference to developing appropriate counseling strategies for this population. These strategies are focused on helping a professional recognize midlife transitions as both developmental crises and opportunities. Coping skills are provided to support the tasks of reappraising the past, modifying the current life structure, and completing the transition process as a life-enhancing transformation.

The recruitment, retention and migration of highly skilled health professionals is of growing global concern because of its impact on health systems in both developing and developed countries. These global changes in the health workforce include physicians moving from rural to urban areas within a country or from one country to another. Pakistan has the leading number of physicians working in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia even though it faces a shortage of physicians. The reasons have not been identified and evaluated in-depth within the Pakistani context. To date much of the available health workforce research in South Asia is based on quantitative techniques, with far fewer studies using qualitative methodologies to explore the health workforce. This is one of the first studies in South Asia, and especially in Pakistan, to use a qualitative research design to study the physician workforce. The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of Pakistani physicians regarding their career decision to remain in their country, migrate abroad or resettle back into their country after working abroad for some time.

Purpose of Study: The purpose of the study is to explore the experiences of older people currently living in Coffs Harbour after migration from either inland or major urban centres of Australia. Participants, through the use of photographs, provide insights into their experiences of living in a community and of their personal and social life. The aim of this study is to reveal the potential and life experiences of older persons through their eyes. Design: A convenience sample of 18 participants, 10 men and 8 women, aged between 62 and 79 years were asked to photograph settings in their current environment that were of importance to them. The participants were then asked, via in-depth interviews, to explain the meaning and significance of the photographs. Method: Participants were provided with a digital camera and asked to photograph settings that were of significance to them. No restrictions were placed on the number of photographs that could be produced. All photographs were coded and categorized. In depth-interviews were then conducted to ascertain how participant interacted with his or her environment, and whether this interaction was associated with past and present activities, including their experience of moving to Coffs Harbour. Findings: The data reveals that participants mostly included photographs about their dwelling, followed by culture and beach. Females were more likely to include photographs of people and places for social gatherings. Males tended to include photographs associated with their particular interests or hobbies. Another important finding was that the participants wanted to review their lives and desired meaningful roles in their present community. They did not conform to present stereotypes of ageing. Participants were particularly concerned with maintaining their independence, pursuing physical and intellectual activities and taking steps to stay healthy.