Many coastal floodplain wetlands on the eastern Australian coast have undergone anthropogenic changes to achieve flood mitigation and agricultural land reclamation benefits. Most of these wetlands have suffered degradation of their environments and biota populations, altered hydrological conditions and formation of acid sulfate soils because of these changes. This has resulted in the growth of restoration programs using tidal re-inundation to rejuvenate the wetland without causing salinity intrusion onto surrounding agricultural land. The Yarrahapinni Wetland, on the New South Wales north coast, has undergone a program of incremental openings to the controlling floodgate system, and the changes to the hydrology and ecology have been monitored. By adopting an ecohydrological approach, this study used an understanding of the hydrological processes within the changing wetland to develop a scientific understanding of the behavioural patterns of the fish and crustacean populations of the system.

Despite its small size, Bhutan has ~ 160 mammal species, including the critically endangered tiger ('Panthera tigris'), snow leopard ('Panthera uncia') and many other IUCN Red-Listed species. This rich mammal diversity is being documented through exhaustive surveys that are hampered by insufficient funds, inadequate human resources and difficult access to mountainous terrain. Camera trapping is relatively new in Bhutan, but is addressing these challenges. Initially, camera trapping focused on tigers, but has since broadened to include other mammals. Notable camera trap findings include the highest recorded elevation for tigers, unusual colour morphs of the Asiatic golden cat ('Pardofelis temminckii'), occurrence of the Pallas's cat ('Octolobus manul') in the eastern Himalayas and the presence of the takin ('Budorcas taxicolor'), Bhutan's national animal, in Thrumshingla National Park. There is, however, scope to expand camera trapping to include Bhutan's poorly known small and medium-sized mammals. Current camera trapping in Bhutan is noticeably ad hoc and we recommend integrating camera trapping into traditional surveys as a standardised, robust survey protocol for rugged terrain. This will enable the landscape modelling of species distribution in Bhutan for effective wildlife conservation and management, given potential impacts from climate change, economic development and increased pressure from people on protected area resources.