Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/8071
Title: How Long Is the Second (Plus First) Shift? Gender Differences in Paid, Unpaid, and Total Work Time in Australia and the United States
Contributor(s): Sayer, L C (author); England, P (author); Bittman, Michael  (author); Bianchi, S M (author)
Publication Date: 2009
Handle Link: https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/8071
Abstract: We use recent time diary data for the U.S. and Australia to examine the gender gap in total work time (unpaid work plus paid work). We focus on whether the gender gap in total work time varies by couples' employment and parental status. We use two alternative measures of unpaid work, which differ in whether unpaid work includes work reported as a secondary activity. Contrasting sharply with the image painted by Hochschild (1989), when we combine all types of families, we find little gender gap in total work hours (paid plus unpaid), whether or not secondary activities are included. However, the gender gap varies dramatically by family type. When couples have preschool-age children and both men and women are employed full-time, women's total work is 4 to 5 hours more per week than men's in the U.S. and 3 to 7 hours more in Australia (with the larger gap obtained when time in secondary activities is included). Women's excess total work is even higher in unconventional families where men are not employed full-time. On the other hand, where women are not employed and men are, men work substantially more total (paid plus unpaid) hours than women.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Source of Publication: Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 40(4), p. 523-545
Publisher: University of Calgary
Place of Publication: Canada
ISSN: 0047-2328
Fields of Research (FoR) 2008: 160801 Applied Sociology, Program Evaluation and Social Impact Assessment
Socio-Economic Objective (SEO) 2008: 970117 Expanding Knowledge in Psychology and Cognitive Sciences
Peer Reviewed: Yes
HERDC Category Description: C1 Refereed Article in a Scholarly Journal
Publisher/associated links: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb3248/is_200907/ai_n42855047/
Appears in Collections:Journal Article

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