Ghosts and the machine: testing the use of Artificial Intelligence to deliver historical life course biographies from big data

Title
Ghosts and the machine: testing the use of Artificial Intelligence to deliver historical life course biographies from big data
Publication Date
2024-07
Author(s)
McLean, Mark A
Roberts, David Andrew
( author )
OrcID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0599-0528
Email: drobert9@une.edu.au
UNE Id une-id:drobert9
Gibbs, Martin
( author )
OrcID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8158-7613
Email: mgibbs3@une.edu.au
UNE Id une-id:mgibbs3
Type of document
Journal Article
Language
en
Entity Type
Publication
Publisher
Routledge
Place of publication
United States of America
DOI
10.1080/01615440.2024.2398455
UNE publication id
une:1959.11/63693
Abstract

This article presents the findings of an experiment in the use of Artificial Intelligence text generation processes to convert historical 'big data' into narrative text. Using an extensive collection of records pertaining to the Australian colonial settlement of Norfolk Island in the South Pacific (1788–1814), we investigate Generative Large Language Model technology for converting tabulated data from the site into short pieces of novel text, describing the lives of transported convicts and free individuals recorded in our databases. These personalized stories are assessed for fluency and factual correctness. Using this process, we uncover some instructive problems and caveats. We detect AI's inherent tendency toward bias and uncritical perspectives, including potentially offensive stereotypes. We also discover an unwelcome tendency to summarize data. So, whilst the outputs are for the most part effective and functional, we find that the best results still require artful human intervention to fully capture the most human aspects of history and heritage research.

Link
Citation
Historical Methods, 57(3), p. 146-162
ISSN
1940-1906
0161-5440
Start page
146
End page
162
Rights
Attribution 4.0 International

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