This experiment investigated phenotypic and genetic relationships between carbon dioxide production, methane emission, feed intake, and postweaning traits in Angus cattle. Respiration chamber data on 1096 young bulls and heifers from 2 performance recording research herds of Angus cattle were analyzed to provide phenotypic and genetic parameters for carbon dioxide production rate (CPR; n = 425, mean 3,010 +/- SD 589 g/d) and methane production rate (MPR; n = 1,096, mean 132.8 +/- SD 25.2 g/d) and their relationships with dry matter intake (DMI; n = 1,096, mean 6.15 +/- SD 1.33 kg/d), body weight (BW) and body composition traits. Heritability estimates were moderate to high for CPR (0.53 [SE 0.17]), MPR (0.31 [SE 0.07]), DMI (0.49 [SE 0.08]), yearling BW (0.46 [SE 0.08]), and scanned rib fat depth (0.42 [SE 0.07]). There was a strong phenotypic (0.83 [SE 0.02]) and genetic (0.75 [SE 0.10]) correlation between CPR and MPR. The correlations obtained for DMI with CPR and with MPR were high, both phenotypically (r(p)) and genetically (r(g)) (r(p): 0.85 [SE 0.01] and 0.71 [SE 0.02]; r(g) (0.95 [SE 0.03] and 0.83 [SE 0.05], respectively). Yearling BW was strongly correlated phenotypically (r(p) >= 0.60) and genetically (r(g) > 0.80) with CPR, MPR, and DMI, whereas scanned rib fat was weakly correlated phenotypically (r(p) < 0.20) and genetically (r(g) <= 0.20) with CPR, MPR, and DMI. The strong correlation between both CPR and MPR with DMI confirms their potential use as proxies for DMI in situations where direct DMI recording is not possible such as on pasture.