Review on Rabies Vaccine: As Prevention and Control Option of Rabies

Abstract

<p>Rabies is a fatal viral disease of animal and human. It gets infection via bites from infected animals. It affects all animals include human and it is fatal with continuous increase of case in the world mostly developing country. Rabies continues to pose a severe burden to public health and is ranked one of the most fatal diseases. This is why we need to review about rabies vaccine as prevention and control option of it. Recently, dogs remain the main source of rabies. Since the first development of the rabies vaccine by Pasteur, human rabies vaccines have been improved and refined. Current cell culture rabies vaccines for humans and animals are highly efficacious, safe, and easily accessible in developed country, which in turn has enabled the control of rabies in these regions. The vaccine have long developmental history with modification, it is inactivated or killed vaccine. These vaccines are given as pre exposure prophylaxis as prevention by immunization and post exposure prophylactic treatment with or without rabies immunoglobulin as treatment, here post exposure as wound treatment and immunization due to its long incubation period of the disease. In most developing country people have clear understanding on the danger of the disease but believe to cure with different traditional and religious treatment rather than seeking effective post exposure prophylaxis. Post exposure prophylaxis consists of immediate wound cleansing and disinfection, followed by vaccination. Vaccines which are tissue culture mostly used but fewer efficacies and immunogenic but developing country use it still now including Ethiopia while cell culture is efficacious and immunogenic but it is expensive and used in developed country even if more or less efficacious vaccination in every aspect is best especially rabies.</p>