Students who experience ongoing failure in upper-primary and lower-secondary school face a myriad of difficulties in pursuing post-school options and contributing to society through employment and aware citizenship. Those who exhibit consistent weaknesses in basic skills, such as the recall of number facts, or who experience difficulty with reading and comprehension are particularly vulnerable. These students are usually caught in a cycle of continued failure, as it is particularly difficult to bring about sustainable change within the usual classroom environments for students who by Year 4 are persistently at or below national benchmarks.