The connection between mindfulness and flow: A meta-analysis

Abstract

This meta-analysis consolidated findings on the relationship between mindfulness and flow. A weighted meta-analytic effect size of <i>r</i> = 0.38, <i>p</i> = .0001, based on 17 studies comprising 10,102 individuals, indicated that greater mindfulness is associated with higher levels of flow. Mindfulness was more strongly associated with dispositional, or trait, flow than with state flow. Both mindfulness and flow have connections with a variety of beneficial outcomes. A better understanding of synergistic relationships between the two characteristics may provide a foundation for further theoretical development and has practical implications for programs intended to facilitate positive outcomes.