Breeding Biology and Diet of the Little Eagle 'Hieraaetus morphnoides' in the New England Region of New South Wales

Abstract

The breeding biology, behaviour and diet of the Little Eagle 'Hieraaetus morphnoides' were studied throughout 110 hours of observation from nest-renovation until early in the nestling period, and by analysis of prey remains and pellets, at three nests in the New England region of northern New South Wales in 2006. Supplementary observations and collections of food remains were made at a fourth nest, which was also monitored through the nestling and post-fledging periods. Egg-laying occurred in September (n = 4 clutches). At two nests, incubation (by both sexes, but mostly by the female) lasted 37-39 days, and at one nest the post-fledging dependence period lasted at least 8 weeks. Sex-roles, parental behaviour and time-budgets in each phase (week 1 only of the nestling period) are described and quantified. Fledgling productivity was 0.4 young per pair (1.0 per successful pair) in 2006 (n = 5 pairs). The breeding diet at three nests near Armidale (on the Northern Tablelands of NSW) was 78% mammals (70% Rabbits 'Oryctolagus cuniculus'), 13% birds and 4% reptiles by number (plus 4% unidentified bird/mammal), and 94% mammals (80% Rabbits), 5% birds and 1% reptiles by biomass (n = 23 prey items). Hunting and attack behaviour are described; one of four observed strikes was successful.