Darabi Shahman, Sahar

Ghanavati, Ezatollah

Thomas, Martin

Ahmadabadi, Ali

Eftekhari, Seyed Morovat

2020

<p>واحدهای ژئومورفیک، نمود فیزیکی فرایندهای جریان آب و انتقال رسوب می‌باشند که تحت تاثیر عوامل تاثیرگذار در مقیاس‌های بزرگتر هستند. هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسایی و تقسیم‌بندی واحدهای ژئومورفیک رودخانه طالقان در بازه‌های مختلف، برای تشخیص تراکم و غنای واحدها و نقش عوامل انسانی بر تغییر واحدهای ژئومورفیک است. با استفاده از مطالعه‌‌ پروفیل طولی براساس اختلاف شیب و ارتفاع، رودخانه طالقان به 3 بخش بالادست، میان دست و پایین دست با میانگین ارتفاعی 1840، 1920 و 2000 متر و اختلاف شیب 17، 11 و 3 درصد تقسیم شده، سپس در هر بخش، بازه‌هایی به‌منظور مطالعه واحدهای ژئومورفیک با استفاده از روش GUS مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. شاخص‌های مورد بررسی شامل تراکم و غنای کل واحدهای ژئومورفیک رودخانه در هر بازه ست. زیرشاخص‌های مورد بررسی شامل تراکم و غنای واحدهای مطالعاتی دشت سیلابی و کانال پایه، تراکم واحدهای ژئومورفیک در 5 واحد مطالعاتی جریان اصلی رودخانه، رسوبات رودخانه‌ای، پوشش گیاهی میان کانال، دشت سیلابی و منطقه آبگیر دشت سیلابی است. بر اساس نتایج، غنای واحدهای ژئومورفیک در واحد دشت سیلابی و کانال پایه در بازه‌های بالادست (R=0. 28) بیشتر و تراکم واحدهای ژئومورفیک در بازه‌‌های پایین دست رودخانه (D=133.57) بیش از سایر بازه‌هاست. در بازه‌های بالادست به دلیل تنش هیدرولیک، تراکم واحدهای ژئومورفیک کمتر بوده و امکان تشکیل زیستگاه‌های فیزیکی در میان بستر وجود نداشته اما به دلیل تاثیر کمتر عوامل آنتروپوژنیک پایداری واحدهای ژئومورفیک بیش از سایر بازه‌ها است. در بازه‌های پایین دست به دلیل کاهش شیب تنش هیدرولیکی و افزایش انعطاف پذیری اکولوژیک، شرایط مناسب برای ایجاد لندفرم‌های تجمعی بیوژئومورفیک در میان بستر رودخانه وجود داشته اما این واحدها در مقیاس کوچک هستند زیرا تاثیر عوامل آنتروپوژنیک، تغییر کاربری اراضی و برداشت شن و ماسه بخصوص در پایین دست رودخانه سبب کاهش زیرشاخص غنای واحد دشت سیلابی شده و این امر تاثیر منفی بر ایجاد روزنه فرصت و لنگرگاه گیاهی به‌منظور استقرار پوشش گیاهی وزیستگاه‌های فیزیکی داشته است.</p>

Quantitative Geomorphological Research, 9(2), p. 60-80

2251-9424

https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/31291

fa

Iran Geomorphology Society

تحلیل زیستگاههای حاشیهای رودخانه طالقان بر اساس واحدهای ژئومورفیک رودخانهای

Journal Article

Publication

Introduction<br> <p>The study of the spatial scale of river geomorphic units, along with their hydraulic elements, is suitable for assessing the relationship between ecology and river physics. In the present study, the classification of geomorphic units of Taleghan river and the comparison of different reaches of the river has been considered in order to analysis the condition of riparian physical habitats of the river. The results of this research can be applied for processes management of river considering the riparian ecologic situation of the river.</p> Case study<br> <p>Taleghan river is located between 36°23′and 36°06′ N latitude and 51°10′ to 50°20′ E longitude. In this research, 7 reaches were investigated based on the difference of slope and elevation (Fig. 1).</p> Methodology<br> <p>Recently, new approaches for river management have been developed in the REFORM project (REstoring rivers for effective catchment Management) funded by the European Commission within the FP7. In this project, a set of hydrogeomorphological assessment methods is defined by the stages used to assess the river conditions (Rinaldi et al, 2015 and 2016). The geomorphic unit classification and evaluation system (GUS) integrates these methods and utilizes it to classification, analysis and monitoring the set of geomorphic units at reach scale in the 3 space scale of the macro unit, unit, and subunit (Belletti et al, 2017). In the GUS method, the indices of geomorphic unit density (GUSI-R) and geomorphic unit richness are calculated. The designed sub-indices in GUS metho are the richness sub-indices of bankfull channel geomorphic units (GUSI-RBC), floodplain geomorphic units (GUSI-RFP), density sub-indices of baseflow channel geomorphic units (GUSI-DC), emergent sediment geomorphic units (GUSI-DE), in-channel vegetation geomorphic units (GUSI-DV), riparian zone geomorphic units (GUSI-DF) and floodplain aquatic zones geomorphic units (GUSI-DW). The definition of geomorphic units is based on the 3 levels of broad, basic and detail. The characteristic of macro units and units (in broad and basic level) were calculated using ArcGIS software and remote sensing data by Ultracam 10 cm satellite images. The detailed level was also studied by a combination of field studies and remote sensing.</p> Results & discussion<br> <p>The total number of geomorphic units and their density in the A and B reach are lower than the probable units in other reaches. At A and B reaches, the lowest area is observed in the "emergent sediment units". In the upstream part of the river, the process of riverbank erosion is dominated, therefore sediment deposition around the bed or across the river channel is much less. The density of biogeomorphic units in the middle channel (C and D) reaches and any opportunity for the creation of cumulative biogeomorphic landforms at the macro scale is limited. In the case of biogeomorphic cumulative landforms establishment, these units are not stable due to the hydraulic stress gradient. Most of the richness of bankfull and floodplain geomorphic units are observed in the D and E reaches. The density of in-channel vegetation unit in F reach is lower than C, D and F reach. The highest rate of the richness of geomorphic units is observed in D, E and F reaches. The width of the river bed in these reaches is greater than A and B reaches. The highest rate of the density of in-channel vegetation unit was observed in the H reach. The number of vegetation islands in this reach is 30, which is greater than all the reaches. Suitable conditions for the creation of biogeomorphic cumulative landforms in this reach is more than other reaches. The aquatic vegetation unit is only visible at C reach.</p> Conclusion<br> <p>There is a variety of geomorphic units and physical habitats in the downstream of the river as well as in the midstream compared to the upstream of the river. Although environmental aspects have not been studied in this research, these reaches have a habitat diversity due to decrease of the hydraulic stress gradient and increase of ecological flexibility. Although the mentioned diversity may not be important for macro-fauna and flora because the habitats have a small scale in most cases but they are significant for diatoms, algae, and smaller fauna and flora. The impact of anthropogenic interference, landuse change, and sand removal from the river bed, especially in downstream of the Taleqan River, reduced the density of the floodplain unit, and this has a negative impact on the formation of sedimentary islands and riparian vegetation (F reach). Anthropogenic factors have a negative impact on riverbed deposition and disturbed natural evolution of riparian and in-channel vegetation. Excessive deposition by sand removal destroys opportunity windows for plant anchorages and, in some cases, buries in channel physical habitats.</p>