Optimisation of dietary energy utilisation for poultry - a literature review

Title
Optimisation of dietary energy utilisation for poultry - a literature review
Publication Date
2021
Author(s)
Musigwa, Sosthene
( author )
OrcID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1089-0786
Email: smusigw2@une.edu.au
UNE Id une-id:smusigw2
Morgan, Natalie
( author )
OrcID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9663-2365
Email: nmorga20@une.edu.au
UNE Id une-id:nmorga20
Swick, Robert
( author )
OrcID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3376-1677
Email: rswick@une.edu.au
UNE Id une-id:rswick
Cozannet, Pierre
Wu, Shu-Biao
( author )
OrcID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1790-6015
Email: swu3@une.edu.au
UNE Id une-id:swu3
Type of document
Journal Article
Language
en
Entity Type
Publication
Publisher
Cambridge University Press
Place of publication
United Kingdom
DOI
10.1080/00439339.2020.1865117
UNE publication id
une:1959.11/30768
Abstract
Feed energy is an important production factor in poultry, representing 75% of the total cost of feed. Therefore, maximising energy digestion and utilisation is essential for cost-effectiveness and sustainability in poultry production. Consequently, accurate energy evaluation of raw material and animal requirements for energy is valuable for precision feeding and optimised benefits in growing chickens. Two key strategies to enhance the utilisation of energy from feed ingredients are the use of exogenous enzymes, such as carbohydrases, and accurate energy requirement prediction. Exogenous carbohydrases can enhance nutrient digestion and absorption, especially in diets with viscous ingredients, in which carbohydrases can enhance the digestibility of saturated fat and protein, by 33% and 3%, respectively, and about 4% energy utilisation. This can improve not only energy utilisation, but also gut health by reducing nutrient flow into the hindgut, as the presence of undigested nutrients fuels pathogenic bacteria proliferation. Moreover, accurate energy bioassays are required to provide values of dietary energy and true availability of energy to the birds. Currently, metabolisable energy (ME) systems are commonly used to evaluate poultry energetics. However, ME does not represent the total energy available to the birds, as it cannot measure the proportion of dietary energy that is lost as heat during feed ingestion, absorption and metabolism. In fact, the ME system can underestimate energy provided by fat by 13% and overestimate energy from proteins by 20% in chicken feeds. As net energy (NE)/ME ratio can vary from 59% to 77% depending on dietary composition, the NE systems are suggested as alternative, more accurate energy measurement methods, as they provide energy values corrected for heat increment. This paper reviews energy sources for poultry and addresses the potential to use NE measurements as a tool to evaluate the ability of feeds and feed additives to improve the exploitation of energy utilisation.
Link
Citation
World's Poultry Science Journal, 77(1), p. 5-27
ISSN
1743-4777
0043-9339
Start page
5
End page
27
Rights
CC0 1.0 Universal

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