A dimensional approach to understanding the relationship between self-reported hearing loss and depression over 12 years: the Three-City study

Abstract

<p><b>Objectives:</b> To examine the relationship between hearing loss and depression in older adults longitudinally. This paper uses a dimensional approach to conceptualising depression, with the aim of further enhancing understanding of this relationship.</p><p><b>Method:</b> 8344 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and above enrolled in the Three-City prospective cohort study were included. Relationships between baseline self-reported hearing loss (HL) with the trajectory of different dimensions of depression symptoms over 12 years were examined using linear mixed models. Depression dimensions were determined using the four-factor structure of the Centre for Epidemiology Studies-Depression Scale (CESD): depressed affect, positive affect, somatic symptoms and interpersonal problems.</p><p><b>Results:</b> HL was associated with somatic symptoms of depression both at baseline (<i>b</i> = .07, p = .04) and over 12 years (<i>b</i> = .01, p = .04). HL was associated with poorer depressed affect and interpersonal problems at baseline (<i>b</i> = .05, <i>p</i> = .001, <i>b</i> = .35, <i>p</i> < .001; respectively), but not over follow-up. HL was associated with poorer positive affect symptoms over time (<i>b</i> = −.01, <i>p</i> = .01).</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> HL had varied relationships with different dimensions of depression symptoms, and there were different patterns of adjustment for the dimensions. HL was primarily associated with somatic symptoms, suggesting that shared disease processes might partly underlie the relationship between HL and depression. Targeted assessment and treatment of somatic and positive affect symptoms in older adults with HL might facilitate better wellbeing in this population.</p>