Phan, Huy

Ngu, Bing

2021-01

We recently advanced the study of positive psychology by introducing the theory of optimization, which explains the underlying process of optimal best. Our continuing research interest has led us to a newly developed concept, termed as 'optimal efficiency'. Optimal efficiency, we contend, focuses on the utilization of resources as well as the amount of time and effort that a person would have to expend during the course of his/her learning. How much time and effort, for example, should a student expend before it is perceived as being 'inefficient'? Optimal efficiency, in this analysis, is concerned with an important relationship - namely: the minimization of expenditure of time, effort, resources, etc. versus the maximization in productivity.<br/> Perceived efficiency is related to the teaching and training of judgment, decision making, autonomy, and self-determination - for example, in terms of successful schooling, a student has to decide whether it is worthwhile to expend so much time and effort on a given task when he/she may not necessarily pass. In our conceptual analysis and proposition of optimal efficiency, we consider the impact of cognitive load theory, which places emphasis on calculated investment and subsequent use of cognitive resources to process information for the purpose of achieving effective learning in a subject matter. Using cognitive load theory as a basis, we attempt to validate the concept of optimal efficiency by taking into account three main types of cognitive load imposition: extraneous, intrinsic, and germane. For example, we consider the possibility that a reduction in extraneous cognitive load imposition could instill a perception of efficiency, resulting in a person's achievement of optimal best. Emphasis on encouragement of germane cognitive load, in contrast, could be perceived as being more efficient, likewise yielding exceptional outcomes in a subject matter.

Heliyon, 7(1), p. 1-13

2405-8440

https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/30199

Elsevier Ltd

Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Perceived 'optimal efficiency': theorization and conceptualization for development and implementation

Journal Article

Publication