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https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/29227
Title: | Carbon and blue water footprints of California sheep production | Contributor(s): | Dougherty, Holland C (author) ; Oltjen, James W (author); Mitloehner, Frank M (author); DePeters, Edward J (author); Pettey, Lee Allen (author); Macon, Dan (author); Finzel, Julie (author); Rodrigues, Kimberly (author); Kebreab, Ermias (author) | Publication Date: | 2019-02 | Early Online Version: | 2018-11-19 | DOI: | 10.1093/jas/sky442 | Handle Link: | https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/29227 | Abstract: | While the environmental impacts of livestock production, such as greenhouse gas emissions and water usage, have been studied for a variety of US livestock production systems, the environmental impact of US sheep production is still unknown. A cradle-to-farm gate life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted according to international standards (ISO 14040/44), analyzing the impacts of CS representing five different meat sheep production systems in California, and focusing on carbon footprint (carbon dioxide equivalents, CO2e) and irrigated water usage (metric ton, MT). This study is the first to look specifically at the carbon footprint of the California sheep industry and consider both wool and meat production across the diverse sheep production systems within California. This study also explicitly examined the carbon footprint of hair sheep as compared with wooled sheep production. Data were derived from producer interviews and literature values, and California-specific emission factors were used wherever possible. Flock outputs studied included market lamb meat, breeding stock, 2-d-old lambs, cull adult meat, and wool. Four different methane prediction models were examined, including the current IPCC tier 1 and 2 equations, and an additional sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the effect of a fixed vs. flexible coefficient of gain (kg) in mature ewes on carbon footprint per ewe. Mass, economic, and protein mass allocation were used to examine the impact of allocation method on carbon footprint and water usage, while sensitivity analyses were used to examine the impact of ewe replacement rate (% of ewe flock per year) and lamb crop (lambs born per ewe bred) on carbon footprint per kilogram market lamb. The carbon footprint of market lamb production ranged from 13.9 to 30.6 kg CO2e/kg market lamb production on a mass basis, 10.4 to 18.1 kg CO2e/kg market lamb on an economic basis, and 6.6 to 10.1 kg CO2e/kg market lamb on a protein mass basis. Enteric methane (CH4) production was the largest single source of emissions for all CS, averaging 72% of total emissions. Emissions from feed production averaged 22% in total, primarily from manure emissions credited to feed. Whole-ranch water usage ranged from 2.1 to 44.8 MT/kg market lamb, almost entirely from feed production. Overall results were in agreement with those from meat-focused sheep systems in the United Kingdom as well as beef raised under similar conditions in California. | Publication Type: | Journal Article | Source of Publication: | Journal of Animal Science, 97(2), p. 945-961 | Publisher: | American Society of Animal Science | Place of Publication: | United States of America | ISSN: | 1525-3163 0021-8812 |
Fields of Research (FoR) 2008: | 070103 Agricultural Production Systems Simulation 050204 Environmental Impact Assessment 070203 Animal Management |
Fields of Research (FoR) 2020: | 300205 Agricultural production systems simulation 410402 Environmental assessment and monitoring 300302 Animal management |
Socio-Economic Objective (SEO) 2008: | 830310 Sheep - Meat 839899 Environmentally Sustainable Animal Production not elsewhere classified 960305 Ecosystem Adaptation to Climate Change |
Socio-Economic Objective (SEO) 2020: | 100412 Sheep for meat 190102 Ecosystem adaptation to climate change |
Peer Reviewed: | Yes | HERDC Category Description: | C1 Refereed Article in a Scholarly Journal |
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Appears in Collections: | Journal Article School of Environmental and Rural Science |
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