Simple Example to Demonstrate the Effect of Allele Frequencies on the Genomic Relationship Matrix Values

Abstract

Genomic evaluations using single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) combine the genomic relationship matrix (GRM) and numerator relationship matrix (NRM) together, to form the H matrix. The GRM values represent relationships between individuals and are dependent on allele frequencies. In this study, a simple example is used to demonstrate how the change in allele frequency can effect the values in the GRM, while also exploring the possible range of GRM values.