Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/27006
Title: The symbiotic evolution of anti-doping and supply chains of doping substances: how criminal networks may benefit from anti-doping policy
Contributor(s): Fincoeur, Bertrand (author); van de Ven, Katinka  (author)orcid ; Mulrooney, Kyle J D  (author)orcid 
Publication Date: 2015-09
Early Online Version: 2014-11-26
DOI: 10.1007/s12117-014-9235-7
Handle Link: https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/27006
Abstract: Doping in sport has been explored predominantly from a user-perspective, widely neglecting an analysis of the supply-side of the market for doping products. In this article, we aim to fill a gap in the existing literature by demonstrating that the supply chains of doping substances have evolved over the course of the past two decades, not least due to the zero tolerance approach of anti-doping policy. Specifically, adopting the case studies of (elite) cycling and recreational weight-training (RWT) and bodybuilding (BB), we outline how the supply chains for performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs) have shifted away from “culturally embedded dealers” and into new organizational structures independent from these sub-cultures. We maintain that the evolution of doping supply mirrors the evolution of doping use; whereas doping was previously the result of a socialization process, and PIED suppliers were a cultural product, consumption is now often a secretive practice and “social suppliers” are no longer prepared to take risks in (openly) supplying doping products. Consequently, the increasingly clandestine nature of doping practices has led consumers to increasingly consider the “black market” as a potential source for PIEDs. Most importantly, this shift in doping supply chains has led to greater inequality among athletes, increased health risks and the rise of suppliers devoid of sociocultural characteristics. We suggest that as the current anti-doping regime, focused predominantly on punishment and control, continues unabated these unintended negative consequences are likely to increase. As several countries have begun to rethink their position on the criminalization of drugs and drug users, it is time to rethink our approach to curbing the problem of doping in sports.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Source of Publication: Trends in Organized Crime, 18(3), p. 229-250
Publisher: Springer New York LLC
Place of Publication: United States of America
ISSN: 1936-4830
1084-4791
Fields of Research (FoR) 2008: 160299 Criminology not elsewhere classified
160504 Crime Policy
160510 Public Policy
Fields of Research (FoR) 2020: 440214 Sociological studies of crime
420606 Social determinants of health
440702 Crime policy
Socio-Economic Objective (SEO) 2008: 940403 Criminal Justice
940499 Justice and the Law not elsewhere classified
920401 Behaviour and Health
Socio-Economic Objective (SEO) 2020: 230403 Criminal justice
200413 Substance abuse
Peer Reviewed: Yes
HERDC Category Description: C1 Refereed Article in a Scholarly Journal
Appears in Collections:Journal Article
School of Psychology

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