Sharma, Nishchal; Choct, Mingan; Dunlop, Mark W; Wu, Shubiao; Castada, Hardy Z; Swick, Robert A

Author(s)

Sharma, Nishchal

Choct, Mingan

Dunlop, Mark W

Wu, Shubiao

Castada, Hardy Z

Swick, Robert A

Publication Date

2017

Abstract

The effect of dietary crude protein (CP) and additives on odor flux from meat chicken litter was investigated using 180 day-old Ross 308 male chicks randomly allocated to five dietary treatments with three replicates of 12 birds each. A 5 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was employed. Factors were: diet (low CP, high CP, high CP+antibiotic, high CP+probiotic, high CP+saponin) and age (15, 29, 35 days). The antibiotic used was Zn bacitracin, the probiotic was a blend of three 'Bacillus subtilis' strains and the saponin came from a blend of 'Yucca' and 'Quillaja'. Odorants were collected from litter headspace with a flux hood and measured using selective ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). Litter moisture, water activity (Aw), and litter headspace odorant concentrations were correlated. The results showed that low CP group produced lower flux of dimethyl amine, trimethyl amine, H2S, NH3, and phenol in litter compared to high CP group (P < 0.05). Similarly, high CP+probiotic group produced lower flux of H2S (P < 0.05) and high CP+saponin group produced lower flux of trimethylamine and phenol in litter compared to high CP group (P < 0.05). The dietary treatments tended (P = 0.065) to have higher flux of methanethiol in high CP group compared to others. There was a diet x age interaction for litter flux of diacetyl, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (acetoin), 3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methylbutanal, ethanethiol, propionic acid, and hexane (P < 0.05). Concentrations of diacetyl, acetoin, propionic acid, and hexane in litter were higher from low CP group compared to all other treatments on d 35 (P < 0.05) but not on d 15 and 29. A high litter moisture increased water activity (P < 0.01) and favored the emissions of methyl mercaptan, hydrogen sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, ammonia, trimethyl amine, phenol, indole, and 3-methylindole over others. Thus, the low CP diet, 'Bacillus subtilis' based probiotic and the blend of 'Yucca/Quillaja' saponin were effective in reducing the emissions of some key odorants from meat chicken litter.

Citation

Poultry Science, 96(4), p. 851-860

ISSN

1525-3171

0032-5791

Link

https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/21446

Publisher

Oxford University Press

Title

Characterisation and quantification of changes in odorants from litter headspace of meat chickens fed diets varying in protein levels and additives

Type of document

Journal Article

Entity Type

Publication

Author(s)	Sharma, Nishchal Choct, Mingan Dunlop, Mark W Wu, Shubiao Castada, Hardy Z Swick, Robert A
Publication Date	2017
Abstract	The effect of dietary crude protein (CP) and additives on odor flux from meat chicken litter was investigated using 180 day-old Ross 308 male chicks randomly allocated to five dietary treatments with three replicates of 12 birds each. A 5 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was employed. Factors were: diet (low CP, high CP, high CP+antibiotic, high CP+probiotic, high CP+saponin) and age (15, 29, 35 days). The antibiotic used was Zn bacitracin, the probiotic was a blend of three 'Bacillus subtilis' strains and the saponin came from a blend of 'Yucca' and 'Quillaja'. Odorants were collected from litter headspace with a flux hood and measured using selective ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). Litter moisture, water activity (Aw), and litter headspace odorant concentrations were correlated. The results showed that low CP group produced lower flux of dimethyl amine, trimethyl amine, H2S, NH3, and phenol in litter compared to high CP group (P < 0.05). Similarly, high CP+probiotic group produced lower flux of H2S (P < 0.05) and high CP+saponin group produced lower flux of trimethylamine and phenol in litter compared to high CP group (P < 0.05). The dietary treatments tended (P = 0.065) to have higher flux of methanethiol in high CP group compared to others. There was a diet x age interaction for litter flux of diacetyl, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (acetoin), 3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methylbutanal, ethanethiol, propionic acid, and hexane (P < 0.05). Concentrations of diacetyl, acetoin, propionic acid, and hexane in litter were higher from low CP group compared to all other treatments on d 35 (P < 0.05) but not on d 15 and 29. A high litter moisture increased water activity (P < 0.01) and favored the emissions of methyl mercaptan, hydrogen sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, ammonia, trimethyl amine, phenol, indole, and 3-methylindole over others. Thus, the low CP diet, 'Bacillus subtilis' based probiotic and the blend of 'Yucca/Quillaja' saponin were effective in reducing the emissions of some key odorants from meat chicken litter.
Citation	Poultry Science, 96(4), p. 851-860
ISSN	1525-3171 0032-5791
Link	https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/21446
Publisher	Oxford University Press
Title	Characterisation and quantification of changes in odorants from litter headspace of meat chickens fed diets varying in protein levels and additives
Type of document	Journal Article
Entity Type	Publication

Characterisation and quantification of changes in odorants from litter headspace of meat chickens fed diets varying in protein levels and additives

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