Forensic Facial Analysis

Abstract

Closed-circuit television (CCTV) systems, digital cameras, webcams, and mobile devices are the source of a burgeoning number of facial images used in criminal investigations and prosecutions. Given the significance of facial identification to the courts - as well as to cases involving questioned identity documents and border control and immigration disputes - it is important that the strengths and weaknesses of methods used are properly understood. Identification of an alleged offender is fundamental to the judicial process. Courts rely heavily on eyewitness evidence of identification, and they continue to do so where facial images are concerned. Evidence of identification, however, is widely acknowledged to be problematic. Procedures and processes intended to make identification more reliable - whether for use in investigation or in court - are perennial challenges.