The Geraldine Mine: the 1850s lead mining frontier in Midwest Western Australia

Abstract

The Geraldine lead mine was established in 1849 as Western Australia's first attempt to create a remote industrial frontier and engage in the global economy. Historical and archaeological evidence shows that the mining operation attempted to employ innovative technologies, used experienced miners as well as convict and Aboriginal labour, and in its later phases provided a well-developed mine settlement. Despite good quality ore its operation suffered through isolation, logistical difficulties with ore transport and an unstable workforce, while several hasty decisions including positioning the main shaft within a dry riverbed also impeded its success.