Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/16456
Title: Validity of the patient health questionnaire-9 to screen for depression in a high-HIV burden primary healthcare clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa
Contributor(s): Cholera, R (author); Gaynes, BN (author); Pence, BW (author); Bassett, J (author); Qangule, N (author); MacPhail, Catherine  (author)orcid ; Bernhardt, S (author); Pettifor, A (author); Miller, WC (author)
Publication Date: 2014
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.06.003Open Access Link
Handle Link: https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/16456
Open Access Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4264106Open Access Link
Abstract: Background: Integration of depression screening into primary care may increase access to mental health services in sub-Saharan Africa, but this approach requires validated screening instruments. We sought to validate the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) as a depression screening tool at a high HIV-burden primary care clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa. Methods: We conducted a validation study of an interviewer-administered PHQ-9 among 397 patients. Sensitivity and specificity of the PHQ-9 were calculated with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) as the reference standard; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed. Results: The prevalence of depression was 11.8%. One-third of participants tested positive for HIV. HIV-infected patients were more likely to be depressed (15%) than uninfected patients (9%; p=0.08). Using the standard cutoff score of ≥10, the PHQ-9 had a sensitivity of 78.7% (95% CI: 64.3-89.3) and specificity of 83.4% (95% CI: 79.1-87.2). The area under the ROC curve was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.83-0.92). Test performance did not vary by HIV status or language. In sensitivity analyses, reference test bias associated with the MINI appeared unlikely. Limitations: We were unable to conduct qualitative work to adapt the PHQ-9 to this cultural context. Conclusion: This is the first validation study of the PHQ-9 in a primary care clinic in sub-Saharan Africa. It highlights the potential for using primary care as an access point for identifying depressive symptoms during routine HIV testing. The PHQ-9 showed reasonable accuracy in classifying cases of depression, was easily implemented by lay health workers, and is a useful screening tool in this setting.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Source of Publication: Journal of Affective Disorders, v.167, p. 160-166
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Place of Publication: Netherlands
ISSN: 1573-2517
0165-0327
Fields of Research (FoR) 2008: 111712 Health Promotion
111714 Mental Health
Fields of Research (FoR) 2020: 420603 Health promotion
420313 Mental health services
Socio-Economic Objective (SEO) 2008: 920410 Mental Health
920412 Preventive Medicine
Socio-Economic Objective (SEO) 2020: 200409 Mental health
200412 Preventive medicine
Peer Reviewed: Yes
HERDC Category Description: C1 Refereed Article in a Scholarly Journal
Appears in Collections:Journal Article

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