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https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/1615
Title: | Chemistry of 4-alkylaryloxenium ion "precursors": Sound and fury signifying something? |
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Contributor(s): | Novak, Michael (author); Brinster, Aaron M (author); Dickhoff, Jill N (author); Erb, Jeremy M (author); Jones, Matthew P (author); Leopold, Samuel H (author); Vollman, Andrew T (author); Wang, Yue-Ting (author); Glover, Stephen (author) |
Publication Date: | 2007 |
DOI: | 10.1021/jo701853e |
Handle Link: | https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/1615 |
Abstract: | Quinol esters '2b', '2c', and '3b' and sulfonamide '4c' were investigated as possible precursors to 4-alkylaryloxenium ions, reactive intermediates that have not been previously detected. These compounds exhibit a variety of interesting reactions, but with one possible exception, they do not generate oxenium ions. The 4-isopropyl ester '2b' predominantly undergoes ordinary acid- and base-catalyzed ester hydrolysis. The 4-tert-butyl ester '2c' decomposes under both acidic and neutral conditions to generate tert-butanol and 1-acetyl-1,4-hydroquinone, '8', apparently by an S(N)1 mechanism. This is also a minor decomposition pathway for '2b', but the mechanism in that case is not likely to be S(N)1. Decomposition of '2c' in the presence of N₃⁻ leads to formation of the explosive 2,3,5,6-tetraazido-1,4-benzoquinone, '14', produced by N₃⁻-induced hydrolysis of '8', followed by a series of oxidations and nucleophilic additions by N₃⁻. No products suggestive of N₃⁻-trapping of an oxenium ion were detected. The 4-isopropyl dichloroacetic acid ester '3b' reacts with N₃⁻ to generate the two adducts 2-azido-4-isopropylphenol, '5b', and 3-azido- 4-isopropylphenol, '11b'. Although '5b' is the expected product of N₃⁻ trapping of the oxenium ion, kinetic analysis shows that it is produced by a kinetically bimolecular reaction of N₃⁻ with '3b'. No oxenium ion is involved. The sulfonamide '4c' predominantly undergoes a rearrangement reaction under acidic and neutral conditions, but a minor component of the reaction yields 4-tert-butylcresol, '17', and 2-azido-4- tert-butylphenol, '5c', in the presence of N₃⁻. These products may indicate that '4c' generates the oxenium ion '1c', but they are generated in very low yields (ca. 10%) so it is not possible to definitively conclude that '1c' has been produced. If '1c' has been generated, the N₃⁻-trapping data indicate that it is a very short-lived and reactive species in H₂O. Comparisons with similarly reactive nitrenium ions indicate that the lifetime of '1c' is ca. 20-200 ps if it is generated, so it must react by a preassociation process. Density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G*//HF/6-31G* level coupled with kinetic correlations also indicate that the aqueous solution lifetimes of '1a-c' are in the picosecond range. |
Publication Type: | Journal Article |
Source of Publication: | The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 72(26), p. 9954-9962 |
Publisher: | American Chemical Society |
Place of Publication: | United States of America |
ISSN: | 1520-6904 0022-3263 |
Fields of Research (FoR) 2008: | 030505 Physical Organic Chemistry |
Peer Reviewed: | Yes |
HERDC Category Description: | C1 Refereed Article in a Scholarly Journal |
Appears in Collections: | Journal Article School of Science and Technology |
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