Vaccination-challenge interval markedly influences protection provided by Rispens CB1988 vaccine against very virulent Marek's disease virus challenge

Abstract

The Rispens (CVI988) vaccine is widely used to vaccinate chickens worldwide. We tested the protective effects of the Rispens vaccine against challenge with very virulent Marek's disease virus (vvMDV) at various intervals at, before or after vaccination. The experiment used commercial ISA Brown layers and vvMDV isolate 02LAR. The protective index (PI) was measured for vaccination challenge intervals (VCI) of -10, -5, 0, 5 and 10 days, with the negative values indicating challenge prior to vaccination. Chickens were challenged by injection with 400 plaque-forming units (PFU) of 02LAR and/or vaccinated with 3200 PFU of the Rispens vaccine virus at days 0, 5 and 10 of age, with appropriate negative controls injected with diluent only. The presence of visible Marek's disease tumours was assessed up to 56 days post challenge. MDV challenge in unvaccinated chickens resulted in tumours in 52% of chickens. The Rispens vaccine provided no significant protection when challenge preceded vaccination, with PIs of -4 and 21 % for VCI of -5 and - 10 days respectively. On the other hand, it provided PIs of 60, 85 and 100% at VCI of 0, 5 and 10 days respectively. The study also revealed that the vvMDV load in peripheral blood lymphocytes or feather tips at 14 and 21 days post infection as determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction, which can distinguish pathogenic MDV from the Rispens vaccine strain, was an accurate early predictor of Marek's disease incidence at 56 days post challenge. The load of Rispens virus in peripheral blood lymphocytes or feathers at the same times post vaccination did not offer similar predictive power.