Van Zwieten, Lukas

Kimber, S W L

Morris, S G

Singh, Bhupinderpal

Grace, P R

Rust, J

Downie, A E

Cowie, Annette

2013

Application of poultry litter (PL) to soil can lead to substantial nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions due to the co-application of labile carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Slow pyrolysis of PL to produce biochar may mitigate N₂O emissions from this source, whilst still providing agronomic benefits. In a corn crop on ferrosol with similarly matched available N inputs of ca. 116 kg N/ha, PL-biochar plus urea emitted significantly less N₂O (1.5 kg N₂O-N/ha) compared to raw PL at 4.9 kg N₂O-N/ha. Urea amendment without the PL-biochar emitted 1.2 kg N₂O-N/ha, and the PL-biochar alone emitted only 0.35 kg N₂O-N/ha. Both PL and PL-biochar resulted in similar corn yields and total N uptake which was significantly greater than for urea alone. Using stable isotope methodology, the majority (~80%) of N₂O emissions were shown to be from non-urea sources. Amendment with raw PL significantly increased C mineralisation and the quantity of permanganate oxidisable organic C. The low molar H/C (0.49) and O/C (0.16) ratios of the PL-biochar suggest its higher stability in soil than raw PL. The PL-biochar also had higher P and K fertiliser value than raw PL. This study suggests that PL-biochar is a valuable soil amendment with the potential to significantly reduce emissions of soil greenhouse gases compared to the raw product. Contrary to other studies, PL-biochar incorporated to 100 mm did not reduce N₂O emissions from surface applied urea,which suggests that further field evaluation of biochar impacts, and methods of application of both biochar and fertiliser, are needed.

Science of the Total Environment, v.465, p. 279-287

1879-1026

0048-9697

https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/13618

Elsevier BV

Pyrolysing poultry litter reduces N₂O and CO₂ fluxes

Journal Article

Publication