Conduit Companies, Beneficial Ownership, and the Test of Substantive Business Activity in Claims for Relief under Double Tax Treaties

Title
Conduit Companies, Beneficial Ownership, and the Test of Substantive Business Activity in Claims for Relief under Double Tax Treaties
Publication Date
2013
Author(s)
Jain, Saurabh
Prebble, John
Bunting, Kristina
Type of document
Conference Publication
Language
en
Entity Type
Publication
Publisher
University of Auckland, Business School
Place of publication
Auckland, New Zealand
UNE publication id
une:13424
Abstract
If interpreted in a strict legal sense, beneficial ownership rules in tax treaties would have no effect on conduit companies because companies at law own their property and income beneficially. Conversely, a company can never own anything in a substantive sense because economically a company is no more than a congeries of arrangements that represents the people behind it. Faced with these contradictory considerations, people have adopted surrogate tests that they attempt to employ in place of the treaty test of beneficial ownership. An example is that treaty benefits should be limited to companies that are both resident in the states that are parties to the treaty and that carry on substantive business activity. The test is inherently illogical. The origins of the substantive business activity test appear to lie in analogies drawn with straw company and base company cases. Because there is no necessary relationship between ownership and activity, the test of substantive business activity can never provide a coherent surrogate for the test of beneficial ownership. The article finishes with a Coda that summarises suggestions for reform to be made in work that is to follow.
Link
Citation
Tax Alchemy: Turning silver into gold - Abstracts of the Australasian Tax Teachers Association Conference, p. 18-18
Start page
18
End page
18

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