Appendix 4 Tables of Dates for Hearths and Mounds Table 4.1 Heat Retainer Hearth and Mound Uncalibrated Radiocarbon Dates from the Darling River and Hinterland landform Feature Sample type date BP number Reference Cobar pediplain HRH Charcoal RC 960 + 50 Wk 8357 Witter 2000 Cobar pediplain HRH Charcoal RC 930 ± 45 Wk 8353 Witter 2000 Cobar pediplain HRH Charcoal RC 750 + 50 Wk 8359 Witter 2000 Cobar pediplain HRH Charcoal RC 1190 + 50 Wk 8360 Witter 2000 Lobar pediplain HRH Charcoal RC 430 + 60 Wk 8356 Witter 2000 Broken Hill Ranges HRH Charcoal RC 5830 ± 90 Martin 1995:75 Broken Hill Ranges HRH Charcoal RC 600 ±50 Martin 1995:75 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 220 + 55 Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 380 + 50 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 450 ± 120 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 470 + 50 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 580 + 60 Holdaway et al.2005 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 630 ±130 Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 660 + 50 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 660 + 50 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 690 + 50 Holdaway et al.2005 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 720 + 55 Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 790 + 50 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 820 + 50 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 1170 +130 Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 1210 + 50 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 1260 + 40 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 1260 +60 Holdaway et al.2005 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 1280 + 60 Holdaway et al.2005 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 1290 + 50 Holdaway et al.2005 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 1300 +50 Holdaway et al.2005 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 1310 + 60 Holdaway et al.2005 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 1330 + 150 Holdaway et al.2005 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 1350 +75 Holdaway et al.2005 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 1390 +70 Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005-Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 1410 +50 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 1440 + 60 Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 1460 +50 Tibooburra HRH Charcoal RC 1630 + 50 Holdaway et al.2005 Fowlers Creek HRH Charcoal RC Modern Holdaway et al.2005 Fowlers Creek HRH Charcoal RC 213 + 40 Holdaway et al.2005 Fowlers Creek HRH Charcoal RC 329 + 47 Holdaway et a1.2005 Fowlers Creek HRH Charcoal RC 898 +66 Holdaway et al.2005 Fowlers Creek HRH Charcoal RC 1857 +62 Holdaway et al.2005 Fowlers Creek HRH Charcoal RC 1963 +65 Holdaway et al.2005 Fowlers Creek HRH Charcoal RC 3130 +54 Holdaway et al.2005 Fowlers Creek HRH Charcoal RC 3327 + 91 Holdaway et al.2005 Fowlers Creek HRH Charcoal RC 3383 + 56 Holdaway et al.2005 Fowlers Creek HRH Charcoal RC 3385 + 81 Holdaway et al.2005 Fowlers Creek HRH Charcoal RC 3392 + 49 Holdaway et al.2005 Fowlers Creek HRH Charcoal RC 3467 + 100 Holdaway et al.2005 Fowlers Creek HRH Charcoal RC 3549 +153 Holdaway et al.2005 Fowlers Creek HRH Charcoal RC 3661 + 102 Holdaway et al.2005 Fowlers Creek HRH Charcoal RC 5243 + 164 Holdaway et al.2005 Mulga Dam HRH Charcoal RC 218 + 35 Holdaway et al.2005 Mulga Dam HRH Charcoal RC 238 + 40 Holdaway et al.2005 Mulga Dam HRH Charcoal RC 380 + 40 Holdaway et al.2005 Mulga Dam HRH Charcoal RC 960 + 47 Holdaway et a1.2005 Mulga Dam HRH Charcoal RC 990 + 81 Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005Mulga Dam HRH Charcoal RC 1144 + 45 Nundooka HRH Charcoal RC 314 + 39 Holdaway et al.2005 Nundooka HRH Charcoal RC 354 + 39 Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005Nundooka HRH Charcoal RC 357 + 53 Nundooka HRH Charcoal RC 379 + 46 Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005 Nundooka HRH Charcoal RC 398 +111 Nundooka HRH Charcoal RC 468 +38 Nundooka HRH Charcoal RC 678 + 37 Nundooka HRH Charcoal RC 709 +128 Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005Nuntherungie HRH Charcoal RC 343 +50 35 Appendix 4 Tables of Dates for Hearths and Mounds Nuntherungie HRH Charcoal RC 468 +50 Holdaway et al.2005 Nuntherungie HRH Charcoal RC 514 +65 Holdaway et al.2005 Nuntherungie HRH Charcoal RC 957 + 44 Holdaway et al.2005 Sandy Creek HRH Charcoal RC modern Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005Sandy Creek HRH Charcoal RC Modern Sandy Creek HRH Charcoal RC Modern Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005 Sandy Creek HRH Charcoal RC 252 + 39 Sandy Creek HRH Charcoal RC 255 + 49 Sandy Creek HRH Charcoal RC 268 + 49 Holdaway et al.2005 Sandy Creek HRH Charcoal RC 325 + 48 Holdaway et al.2005 Sandy Creek HRH Charcoal RC 362 + 38 Holdaway et al.2005 Sandy Creek HRH Charcoal RC 392 + 47 Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005Sandy Creek HRH Charcoal RC 524 + 45 Sandy Creek HRH Charcoal RC 588 + 59 Holdaway et al.2005 Sandy Creek HRH Charcoal RC 904 + 47 Holdaway et al.2005 Sandy Creek HRH Charcoal RC 1349 + 69 Holdaway et al.2005 Sandstone Tank HRH Charcoal RC 213 + 48 Holdaway et al.2005 Sandstone Tank HRH Charcoal RC 239 +45 Holdaway et al.2005 Sandstone Tank HRH Charcoal RC 404 +67 Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005 Sandstone Tank HRH Charcoal RC 534 + 46 Peery Creek HRH Charcoal RC 347 + 40 Peery Creek HRH Charcoal RC 641 + 41 Holdaway et al.2005 Peery Creek HRH Charcoal RC 1351 + 53 Holdaway et al.2005 Peery Creek HRH Charcoal RC 1419 + 34 Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005Peery Creek HRH Charcoal RC 1423 + 57 Peery Creek HRH Charcoal RC 1458 + 52 Holdaway et al.2005 Peery Creek HRH Charcoal RC 1510 + 47 Holdaway et al.2005 Holdaway et al.2005Peery Creek HRH Charcoal RC 1810 + 66 Peery Creek HRH Charcoal RC 1826 + 44 Holdaway et al.2005 Yantara HRH Charcoal RC 26,200 ± 1100BP Gak-2121 Dury & Langford- Smith 1970:73 Yantara HRH Charcoal RC 1270 + 140 ANU - 689 Barbetti&Polach73 Macquarie Marshes mound Charcoal RC 1050 ± 90 SUA-2892 Balme & Beck 96 Currawinya Lakes HRHclay HRHclay Charcoal RC Charcoal RC 1150 + 80 1090 + 70 BP Beta 34206 Beta 33933 Robins 1996 Robins 1996Currawinya Lakes Currawinya Lakes HRH clay/stone Charcoal RC 1730 +80 SUA 2942 Robins 1996 Currawinya Lakes HRH clay/stone Charcoal RC 880 + 70 Beta 33937 Robins 1996 Currawinya Lakes HRHclay Charcoal RC 400 + 110 Beta 33931 Robins 1996 Currawinya Lakes HRHc1aL HRHclay Charcoal RC 430 + 70 Beta 35210 Robins 1996 Bunda Lake Charcoal RC 3830 +110 SUA-1948 Bonhomme&Stanley Bunda Lake HRH sandstone Charcoal RC 760 + 70 SUA-1627 Bonhomme&Stanley Bunda Lake HRHtermite Charcoal RC 1020 + 70 SUA- 1626 Bonhomme&Stanley Bunda Lake HRHtermite Charcoal RC 1800 + 140 SUA - 1628 Bonhomme&Stanley Table 4.2 Heat Retainer Hearth Uncalibrated Radiocarbon Dates for the Willandra Lakes Willandra Lakes HRH c/s Charcoal RC modern ANU 651 Barbetti&Polach73 Willandra Lakes HRH c/s 1390 + 80 ANU - 671 Barbetti&Polach73 Willandra Lakes HRH 240 + 60 ANU - 672 Barbetti&Polach73 Willandra Lakes HRH 760 + 150 ANU-659 Barbetti&Polach73 Willandra Lakes HRHclay 940 + 50 ANU - 660 Barbetti&Polach73 Willandra Lakes HRH 1610 +110 ANU - 661 Barbetti&Polach73 Willandra Lakes HRH 950 + 120 ANU -663 Barbetti&Polach73 Willandra Lakes HRH 2060 + 170 ANU - 664 Barbetti&Polach73 Willandra Lakes HRH 4020 + 100 ANU - 665 Barbetti&Polach73 Willandra Lakes HRH 740 + 70 ANU - 666 Barbetti&Polach73 Willandra Lakes HRH oven 26,270 + 470 ANU - 667 Barbetti&Polach73 Willandra Lakes HRH 19,420 + 360 ANU -668 Barbetti&Polach73 Willandra Lakes clay oven 30,780 +520 ANU - 680 Barbetti&Polach73 Willandra Lakes clay oven 27,530 + 340 ANU-682 Barbetti&Polach73 Willandra Lakes HRH 25,570 +520 ANU-686 Barbetti&Polach73 Willandra Lakes HRH 1420 + 100 ANU - 653 Barbetti&Polach73 Willandra Lakes HRH 220 + 60 ANU – 654 Barbetti&Polach73 Willandra Lakes HRH 2010 + 100 ANU – 655 Barbetti&Polach73 Willandra Lakes HRH 990 + 70 ANU – 674 Barbetti&Polach73 Willandra Lakes HRH 750 + 70 ANU – 675 Barbetti&Polach73 36 Appendix 4 Tables of Dates for Hearths and Mounds Willandra Lakes HRH 2440 + 80 ANU – 678 Barbetti&Polach73 Willandra Lakes HRH 3270 + 90 ANU – 679 Barbetti&Polach73 Willandra Lakes Not reliable ? HRH carbonate Organic residue RC 7860+-220 (Clark &? Barbetti 1982:147). Willandra Lakes HRH TM Charcoal RC 700 + 100 (Clark &? Barbetti 1982:147). Table 4.3 Heat Retainer Hearth and Mound Uncalibrated Radiocarbon and TL Dates for the Central Murray and Murrumbidgee Rivers (where multiple dates available for a mound highest and lowest dates are listed) Central Murray River HRH Charcoal RC 1880 + 180 BP ANU - 676 Barbetti&Polach73 Central Murray River HRH Charcoal RC 2400 + 140 BP ANU - 677 Barbetti&Polach73 Central Murray River HRH Charcoal RC 2582 ± 48 BP Oven Downey & Frankel TL Baked clay 2651 ±275 BP Same feature as above 1992 Murray/Wakool Mound Charcoal RC 2990 ± 100 BP Beta-7068 Berryman & Frankel 1984:26). Murray/Wakool Mound Charcoal RC 2250 ± 105 BP Beta-7065 Berryman & Frankel 1984:26. Murray/Wakool Mound Charcoal RC 2490 ±60 BP Beta-7067 Berryman & Frankel 1984:26. Central Murray mound Charcoal RC 800 ± 100 BP SUA -1117 Godfrey et al 1996 1610 + 90 BP SUA -1118 Central Murray mound Charcoal RC 250 ± 80 BP SUA - 1128 Godfrey et al 1996 1470 + 90 BP SUA - 1119 Central Murray mound Charcoal RC 950 ± 80 BP SUA - 1916 Godfrey et al 1996 1000 + 80 BP SUA - 1930 Central Murray mound Charcoal RC 1180 +150 BP SUA - 1120 Godfrey et al 1996 Central Murray mound Charcoal RC 260 ± 70 BP SUA -1917 Godfrey et al 1996 1000 + 90 BP SUA -1241 Central Murray mound Charcoal RC 960 ± 80 BP SUA-996 Coutts et al 1979 Nyah Forest Vic 1375 ±30 BP SUA -998 (site DP/1) Central Murray- mound Charcoal RC 775 ± 47 BP Wk-11145 Johnston 2004 Loddon River, Lake 2059 + 46 BP Wk-11149 Boort Swamp 2 Boort, Vic Murrumbidgee HRH Charcoal RC 1310 + 50 BP Wk 8750 Martin this thesis Gundaline Murrumbidgee HRH Charcoal RC 440 + 70 BP Wk 8751 Martin this thesis Gundaline Murrumbidgee mound Bone AMS 3730 +-240 Wk 4095 Martin this thesis Tchelery 1 Charcoal RC 4340+-160 Wk 4101 Murrumbidgee mound Bone AMS 3820 + 36 BP_ Wk 17504 Martin this thesis Rav ensworth 3 Charcoal RC 4109 + 55 BP Wk 17489 Murrumbidgee Low Charcoal RC 440 +70 BP ANU-8608 Klaver 1998 CP 59/4/a & b mound 650 ±70 BP ANU-8609 Murrumbidgee Low Charcoal RC 680 + 60 BP ANU- 8605 Klaver 1998 CP 79 mound 750 + 60 BP ANU-8604 Murrumbidgee Mound Charcoal RC 450 + 60 ANU-8616 Klaver 1998 CP 116/D4/ 970 ±70 ANU-8603 Murrumbidgee mound Charcoal RC 420± 70 ANU-8617 Klaver 1998 CP 82/3BB/7/J 640 ± 60 ANU-8618 Murrumbidgee "core" Charcoal RC 2660 ± 70 ANU-8619 Klaver 1998 CP 82/3BB/6/K HRH or mound? Murrumbidgee mound Charcoal RC 390 ± 70 ANU-8620 Klaver 1998 CP 82/4/1-2-3/C 960 ± 170 ANU-8622 Table 4.4 Radiocarbon and Calibrated Aces for Excavated Sites from Klaver 1998 PLACE SITE ID AGE BP CALIB. LAB ID DESCRIPTION Cooey Point Lagoon, Murrumbidgee, between Carrathool & Hay CP 59/4/b 650 ±70 1333 ± 45 AD ANU-8609 Low mound CP 59/4/a 440 ±70 1484 + 74 AD ANU-8608 As above CP 79/3/A 750 + 60 1250 +53 AD ANU-8604 low mound CP 79/3/B 680 + 60 1319 + 46 AD ANU-8605 As above CP116/D4/5 550±50 1369 + 42 AD ANU-8614 Low mound CPI 16/D4/6 530 ±70 1384 + 56 AD ANU-8615 As above 37 Appendix 4 Tables of Dates for Hearths and Mounds CP 116/D4/7 450 ± 60 1468 +65 AD ANU-8616 As above CP116/D4/9 970 ±50 1075 + 57 AD ANU-8612 As above CP 116/D4/11/12 970 ±70 1076 +73 AD ANU-8603 Base, bark in pit CP 116/D3/3 740±60 1260 + 53 AD ANU-8613 As above CP 116/D3/8 500 ±70 1412 +66 AD ANU-8611 As above CP 82/3BB/7/J 640 ± 60 ANU-8618 mound CP 82/3BB1- 2/H 420± 70 1505 + 71 AD ANU-8617 As above CP 82/3BB/6/K 2660 ± 70 840 +79 BC ANU-8619 Small 'core' of mound ?? water washed heat retainer? CP 82/4/2-3/B 740 ± 70 1257 + 66 AD ANU-8621 As above CP 82/4/1-2-3/C 960 ± 170 1047 + 155AD ANU-8622 As above CP 82/4/1-2/D 390 ± 70 1528 +72 AD ANU-8623 As above CP 82/4/4-1/A 390 ± 60 1525 +64 AD ANU-8620 As above CP 82/4/6/E 650 ± 60 1334 +41 AD ANU-8624 As above CP 82/6D/7/F 690 ± 60 1312 +48 AD ANU-8625 Adjacent trench CP 82/6D/2/G 490 ± 60 1419 + 57 AD ANU-8626 Adjacent trench CP79/3/A 750 ± 60 1250 +53 AD ANU-8604 Scatter near 82 CP79/3/B 680 ± 60 1319 + 46 AD ANU-8605 Scatter near 82 CP5/A2/5/a 470 ± 70 1448 +74 AD ANU-8607 midden -river bank CP5/A2/3ab 460 ± 60 1456 + 64 AD ANU-8606 As above Colombo Creek, far south- east Riverine Plain CC31/1 2520 ± 70 634 +106 BC ANU-8610 Mound -residual CC5/lev 1 (CC32) 2940 ± 170 1167 +196 BC ANU-7881 oven CC36/lev 4 2720 ± 90 908 +100 B C ANU-7879 oven CC36/lev 2/d 2890 ± 90 1105 +124 BC ANU-7880 oven 38 Appendix 5.1 Ravensworth 3 Survey Data Table 5.1.1 Ravensworth 3 Core Data and Surface Elevation along Transect Distance in metres palaeosoil surface ground surface mound surface C6(west) sandy beach 0 0.52 1 C5 lip of lake bank 5 0.5 1.2 10 0.6 1.23 15 0.7 1.24 20 0.8 1.26 25 0.9 1.27 30 1 1.28 35 1.1 1.3 40 1.2 1.35 45 1.2 1.4 50 1.2 1.43 55 1.2 1.45 60 1.2 1.48 65 1.2 1.5 70 1.2 1.55 C4 flat 75 1.23 1.57 80 1.3 1.6 85 1.37 1.65 90 1.45 1.75 95 1.5 1.8 C3 mound edge 100 1.55 1.82 1.82 105 1.6 1.95 1.95 110 1.65 2.1 2.1 115 1.7 2.3 2.3 120 1? --7r..L./.., 2.5 2.5 125 1.78 2.7 2.7 C17 mound slope 130 1.8 2.94 2.94 39 Appendix 5.1 Ravensworth 3 Survey Data C2 mound top 135 1.83 3.2 3.2 140 1.82 3.22 3.22 145 1.81 3.23 3.23 A4 mound top 150 1.8 3.24 3.24 C1 mound top 155 1.79 3.28 3.28 160 1.77 3.5 C7 bulldozer cut 165 1.75 3.88 170 1.75 3 C8 cut slope 175 1.74 2.36 C9 cut bottom 180 1.74 1.76 185 1.73 2.5 C10 cut top 190 1.73 3.47 195 1.72 3.2 3.2 C11 disturbed top 200 1.72 3.08 3.08 C12 mound top 205 1.71 2.87 2.87 210 1.71 2.6 2.6 215 1.7 2.3 2.3 C13 mound edge 220 1.69 2.05 2.05 225 1.6 1.95 1.95 230 1.5 1.9 235 1.4 1.85 240 1.3 1.8 C14 (east) flat 245 1.27 1.73 40 Appendix 5.1 Ravensworth 3 Survey Data Table 5.1.2 Ravensworth 3 Core Data A2-palaeosoil Al-palaeosoil orange sand L-grey clay U-grey clay w. sand black sand M2-Mound Ml-Mound Ao-Humic Layer 57- ground surface elevation in cm C6 (west) 5 32 16 5 0 CS 5 39 21 30 6 20 C4 0 16 15 4 57 C3 5 22 7 3 82 C 17 5 10 27 72 10 194 C2 5 10 58 68 6 220 Cl 5 65 75 5 228 C12 5 37 74 10 187 C15 5 21 79 11 187 C16 5 48 21 7 135 C13 5 8 18 0 105 C14 (east) 5 42 2 6 73 Table 5.1.3 Ravensworth 3 Complex Survey name length Width height matrix contents R1a 20m EW 17mNS 20cm Light beige sandy (part natural?) Heat retainers Rlb 40mEW 37mNS 50cm Light grey in exposures Large heat retainers Rlc 57m NS 52m EW 80cm Light? to? medium? grey? in exposures Bird bone, qtz &silcrete artefacts R2 66m NS 45m EW 100cm Medium? to? dark? grey? in exposures Mussel,bird,eggshell, 3 burials +, heat retainer R3 112 EW 70m NS 1.45cm Dark grey to black Heat retainers, artefacts, mussel,bird,small mammal, turtle R4 29m NS 28.6 EW 45cm Beige to pale grey with areas of dark grey High% small heat retainers, silcrete artefacts around scalded edges R5 43.6 EW 35.6 NS 70cm Pale to medium grey Bird, turtle shell, qtz flakes, high%heat retainer name length Width height matrix contents 41 Appendix 5.1 Ravensworth 3 Survey Data R6a (lake 2) 120 m NS 60m EW 30- 40cm Pale to medium grey Burials in two areas, stone artefacts, faunal remains, high%of heat retainer in exposures R6b (lake 2) 36m EW 36m NS 30cm Pale beige to pale grey in recent exposures Pale grey to beige Mussel, bird, yabbie gastro, burnt bone, qtzite mortar, 20mx20m area of burials (rinped) Heat retainerR6c (lake 2) 16 m EW 16m EW 20cm R7 (lake 3) 80m NS 45m EW 10- 50cm Pale grey to beige, series of low mounds Heat retainer, faunal R8 (lake 3) Distinct burial area, ripped, estimated 5-20 fragmented individuals R9a (lake 4) 60m NS 30m EW 50cm Pale to medium grey Faunal remains, clay casts, heat retainer, artefacts including grinding dish fragment & qtz & silcrete microblades R9b (lake 4) 40m NS 30m NS 30cm Pale to medium grey Faunal remains, heat retainer, artefacts R 12 (lake 1) 50m NS 10m EW 0 On lake beach Scatter of heat retainer and artefacts (sampled) The Mount 200m NS 100m EW 80cm + Pale to dark ashy grey mussel, yabbie, bird bone, other bone, heat retainer, artefacts 42 Appendix 5.2 Ravensworth 3 Charcoal ID Ravensworth 3 Square A: Charoal Weight by Excavation Spit —40— Charcoal Square A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 5 cm spits 43 Appendix 5.2 Ravensworth 3 Charcoal ID TABLE 5.1.4 CHARCOAL SAMPLES FROM RAVENSWORTH 3 AND TCHELERY 1 Spit number Sample number Image number comment prior to dissection SEM View ID from Beth Gott ? R3 B:24 1 S1A Rhizome? T x 55 Parenchyma with fibre bundles and moncot vascular bundles enclosed in heavy fibres. Consistent with Typha rhizome, or flowering stem — need morphology of original S1B L? x 110 S1C As above x 500 T 1 A:28 2 S2A "Bulb",? round, 11mm diameter T & L X110 Consistent with Bolboscheonus sp? medianus? but surface layer TS needed to be sure S2B Outer coat x75 S2C Cross section x110 S2D As above x 430 R3 B:24 3 S3A Rhizome? L X 350 As for S1 S3B T x 150 R3 A:16 4 S4A Seed? L x 110 Need to see whole specimen S4B R? x120 S4C T x 75 S4D Outer coat X 25 R3 B:24 5 S5A Reed stem ?# outside X110 Possibly grass or Phragmites R3 A:25 6 S6A Rhizome? Surface feature X 37 ?? possibly? a young? root arising from? a? rhizome? ? Triglochin? S6B L? x110 S6C T x 50 44 Appendix 5.2 Ravensworth 3 Charcoal ID S6D X 110 R3 B:19 7 S7A Rhizome ? T x 120 ? young root arising from rhizome — fibre bundles consistent with TyphaS7B Outer feature X 50 S7C R? x 75 T 1 C:29 8 S8A Wood? L & T x150 Wood, few vessels, mostly tracheeds Probably dicot, showing annual rings which seem to indicate stable climatic conditions — Acacia? S8B "Rings" T x 55 S8C As above x 230 R3 A:28 9 S9A Rhizome? R? x 160 Monocot fibre bundles — as for S1 S9B T x 75 S9C L x 130 R3 A:25 10 SlOA Rhizome? L x 350 As for S1 SlOB R? x 270 SlOC T x 130 R3 A:21 11 S11A Wood L x 90 wood S11B T x 110 R3 B:24 12 Sl2A Wood L x 110 wood S12B R? x 110 S12C T x 110 R3 A:25 13 Sl3A Root? X 110 wood R3 B:18 14 S14A "Bulb",? round, diameter 10mm Cross section? x 110 Parenchyma, probably storage tissues, with air spaces Sl4B As above x 230 45 Appendix 5.3 Ravensworth 3 Faunal Remains Table 5.2 Ravensworth 3 Faunal Remains 5cm spit bird bone turtle fish yabbie mussel rat bandicoot bettong bilby wombat kangaroo goanna small mammal large mammal egg shell emu shell 1 x x T 2 x T 3 x x T xll 4 x x T 5 x x x x x x 6 x x x T x 7 x x x x x x 8 x x x x x x 9 x x x x x x x 10 x x x x x x x 11 x x x x x x x 12 x x x x x 13 x x x x x x x 14 x x x x x x 15 x x x x x x x 16 x x x x x x 17 x x x x x x x 18 x x x x bilby 19 x x x x x 20 x 21 x x x x x x x 22 x 23 x 24 x x x x x copro 25 x x x x x x 26 x T x 46 Appendix 5.3 Ravensworth 3 Faunal Remains 27 x x T x lites x 28 x x T x 29 x x x x* 30 T=trace *small macropod tooth # large macropod tooth fragment 47 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data Table 5.4.1 Ravensworth 3 Stone Artefact Avera ge and Maximum Length and Thickness total artefact whole flake whole flake flake average length average length maximum length average thickness R3 Lake 26.3 23.5 65 5.6 R3 A:1 9.8 11.9 14.5 3.5 R3 A:2 14.5 15 29 4.2 R3 A:3 9.6 9.8 15 2.7 R3 A:4 10.5 11.3 19 3 R3 A:5 10 10.7 16 3.2 R3 A:6 10.7 11 22 2.9 R3 A:7 11 11.6 28 3.6 R3 A:8 11.6 13 37 3.6 R3 A:9 11 12.3 20 2.8 R3 A10 10.6 10.5 20 2.9 R3 A:11 11.9 12.5 19 3.6 R3 A:12 13.2 13.5 24 3.1 R3 A:13 11.6 10.7 18 3.6 R3 A:14 13 14.6 30 3.2 R3 A:15 10.3 11.1 17 2.8 R3 A:16 9.6 10.6 17 2.4 R3 A:17 11.6 13.2 21 3.1 R3 A:18 10.1 11 16 2.2 R3 A:21 10 10.5 17 2.7 R3 A:24 10.5 10.6 16 3.4 R3 A:25 10.1 11.8 17 3.6 R3 A:26 7.5 7.7 8 2.6 R3 A:27 7.9 9.6 12 2.6 R3 A:28 -29 9 10.1 12 2.1 48 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data Table 5.4.2 Ravensworth Lake and Excavation Square A Artefact T )e Numbers and Percentages Cores Flakes (Excluding Tools) Sample Sample Size Cores % cores Whole %whole Proxima %proximal Distal %distal Split Cone %split cone Flake Fragment % flake frag. R3 Lake 21 1 4.8 6 28.6 4 19.0 2 9.5 1 4.8 0 0.0 R3 A:1 23 0 0.0 12 52.2 5 21.7 1 4.3 0 0.0 3 13.0 R3 A:2 13 0 0.0 10 76.9 1 7.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 R3 A:3 19 1 5.3 11 57.9 2 10.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 21.1 R3 A:4 30 1 3.3 15 50.0 2 6.7 2 6.7 1 3.3 5 16.7 R3 A:5 33 0 0.0 23 69.7 3 9.1 0.0 0.0 5 15.2 R3 A:6 49 0 0.0 32 65.3 6 12.2 5 10.2 0.0 3 6.1 R3 A:7 65 1 1.5 40 61.5 7 10.8 4 6.2 0 0.0 11 16.9 R3 A:8 42 2 4.8 21 50.0 4 9.5 1 2.4 0.0 6 14.3 R3 A:9 46 1 2.2 13 28.3 7 15.2 4 8.7 1 2.2 10 21.7 R3 A:10 33 3 9.1 14 42.4 6 18.2 1 3.0 0.0 6 18.2 R3 A:11 23 1 4.3 14 60.9 0 0.0 1 4.3 1 4.3 3 13.0 R3 A:12 27 2 7.4 14 51.9 0 0.0 1 3.7 1 3.7 5 18.5 R3 A:13 20 0 0.0 14 70.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 10.0 3 15.0 R3 A:14 13 0 0.0 3 23.1 2 15.4 1 7.7 0.0 3 23.1 R3 A:15 13 0 0.0 9 69.2 0 0.0 1 7.7 0 0.0 2 15.4 R3 A:16 26 0 0.0 13 50.0 1 3.8 3 11.5 1 3.8 7 26.9 R3 A:17 28 1 3.6 12 42.9 1 3.6 1 3.6 2 7.1 10 35.7 R3 A:18 10 0 0.0 6 60.0 0 0.0 1 10.0 0 0.0 1 10.0 R3 A:21 29 1 3.4 16 55.2 3 10.3 1 3.4 1 3.4 6 20.7 R3 A:24 12 0 0.0 5 41.7 1 8.3 0.0 0.0 2 16.7 R3 A:25 14 0 0.0 4 28.6 1 7,1 1 7.1 0 0.0 6 42.9 R3 A:26 7 0 0.0 3 42.9 I 14.3 3 42.9 0.0 0.0 R3 A:27 10 0 0.0 5 50.0 I 10.0 1 10.0 0 0.0 3 30.0 R3A:28-9 8 0 0.0 2 25.0 3 i /.5 0 0.0 1 12.5 2 25.0 R3 totals 593 14 311 57 33 11 106 R3 %total 2.4 52.4 9.6 5.6 1.9 17.9 49 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data Table 5.4.3 Ravensworth Lake and Excavation Square A Tool Tv pes Numbers and Percentages No Sample Size Geom. Backed Blade % Geom. Backed Blade Bondi % Bondi Burin % Burin Adze % Adze DistalFlake Tool % Distal F. T. Side Flake Tool % Side FT R3 Lake 21 1 4.8 0.0 I 4.8 1 4.8 0.0 0.0 R3 A:1 23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 4.3 R3 A:2 13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 15.4 R3 A:3 19 0.0 0.0 1 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 R3 A:4 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 3.3 1 3.3 R3 A:5 33 1 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R3 A:6 49 0.0 1 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 2.0 R3 A:7 65 1 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R3 A:8 42 0.0 5 11.9 0.0 0.0 1 2.4 1 2.4 R3 A:9 46 0.0 1 2.2 0.0 1 2.2 1 2.2 0.0 R3 A:10 33 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 3.0 R3 A:11 23 0.0 0.0 l 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 R3 A:12 27 1 3.7 0.0 2 7.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 R3 A:13 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 5.0 R3 A:14 13 1 7.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R3 A:15 13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R3 A:16 26 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 3.8 0.0 0.0 R3 A:17 28 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 3.6 0.0 R3 A:18 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 10.0 R3 A:21 29 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R3 A:24 12 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 8.3 0.0 1 8.3 R3 A:25 14 1 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R3 A:26 7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R3 A:27 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R3A:28-9 8 0.0 0.0 n.n 0.0 0.0 0.0 R3A totals 593 5 7 4 3 4 10 R3 A % 0.8 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.7 1.7 51 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data total Table 5.4.3 continued thumbnail Flake Tool % thumb nail FT Notched Flake Tool % Notched Fr Utilised Flake % Utilised Split Pebble % Split Pebble Grinding Frag % Grinding Frag R3 Lake 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 19.0 R3 A:1 1 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R3 A:2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R3 A:3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R3 A:4 0.0 0.0 2 6.7 0.0 0.0 R3 A:5 0.0 0.0 1 3.0 0.0 0.0 R3 A:6 0.0 0.0 1 2.0 0.0 0.0 R3 A:7 0.0 0.0 1 1.5 0.0 0.0 R3 A:8 0.0 0.0 1 2.4 0.0 0.0 R3 A:9 0.0 1 2.2 5 10.9 1 2.2 0.0 R3 A:10 0.0 0.0 2 6.1 0.0 0.0 R3 A:11 0.0 0.0 2 8.7 0.0 0.0 R3 A:12 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 3.7 0.0 R3 A:13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R3 A:14 0.0 2 15.4 1 7.7 0.0 0.0 R3 A:15 0.0 0.0 1 7.7 0.0 0.0 R3 A:16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R3 A:17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R3 A:18 0.0 0.0 1 10.0 0.0 0.0 R3 A:21 0.0 0.0 1 3.4 0.0 0.0 R3 A:24 0.0 0.0 2 16.7 0.0 0.0 R3 A:25 0.0 0.0 1 7.1 0.0 0.0 R3 A:26 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R3 A:27 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R3 A:28-9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data R3A totals 1 3 22 2 0 R3 A % total 0.16 0.5 3.7 0.33 Table 5 4.4 Ravensworth 3 Lake and Excavation Sample Raw Material Types sample size 0/6 sandstone % microcrystalline (36 other % quartzite % silcrete % quartz 19R3 Lake 21 4.8 0 48 47.6 23.8 R3 A:1 23 0 0 0 0 34.8 65.2 R3 A:2 13 0 7.7 0 15.4 46.2 30.8 R3 A:3 19 0 10 75 10.75 21.05 26.3 31.6 R3 A:4 30 0 0 0 26.7 30 43.3 R3 A:5 33 0 9 3.03 3.03 33 33 51.5 R3 A:6 49 0 6.1 8.2 4.08 53 28.6 R3 A:7 65 0 0 15 21.5 26.2 50 8 R3 A:8 42 0 5 0 21.4 31 42 9 R3 A:9 46 0 0 0 8.7 41.3 50 R3 A:10 33 0 0 3 21.2 36.4 39 4 R3 A:11 23 0 4.3 0 13.04 34.8 47.8 R3 A:12 27 0 0 0 29.6 40.7 29.6 R3 A:13 20 0 0 5 20 20 55 R3 A:14 13 0 8 8 15.4 23 1 46.2 R3 A:15 13 0 0 0 8 15 77 R3 A:16 26 0 3.8 3.8 7.7 26.9 57.7 R3 A:17 28 0 10.7 0 21.4 10.7 57.1 R3 A:18 10 0 0 0 10 20 70 R3 A:21 29 6.9 17.3 3.4 0 72.4 R3 A:24 12 0 8.33 0 8.33 8.33 75 R3 A:25 14 0 0 0 14.3 14 3 71.4 R3 A:26 7 0 0 0 0 0 100 R3 A:27 10 0 0 0 0 20 80 R3 A:28 2 0 0 0 0 0 100 R3 A:29 33.3 66.6 53 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data averages ? 1? i? 0.2 1? 3.1 1? 2.5 ,? 13.1 i? 25.0? 56.1 Table 5. 4.5 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Raw Data WINDOW SAMPLE NO. AREA M GPS E R3 lake 1 X..5.... m? GPS N NO. MATERIAL L W T SQRT ARTEFACT TYPE CORTEX RETOUCH/USE PLATFORM TERMINAT. L X (F/B W Core, Flake, Block, Tool... % scalar/step/cus/U &U/BIF) (F/H/P/A) Lake 1 10 11 12 13 2 4 6 3 7 8 9 grey s.sandst beige qtzite pink qtzite grey qtzite pink qtzite black&pink qtzite grey qtzite black hornfels clear qtz pink qtzite _pink qtzite grey silcrete yellow silcrete 49.5 65.6 9.5 57.0 48 38 19 42.7 0.0 65 34 19 47.0 59 42 25.5 49.8 44 29.5? ? 28.7 36.0 37 28 15 32.2 35 21 6 27.1 19 28 7 23.1 16 11 4.5 13.3 21 16 4.4 18.3 23 18 12 20.3 15.5 10 4 12.4 17 23 19.8 topstone, thin, flaked edge, worked both sides, no sheen but was in H20, flat facets tiny topstone, sheen on one surface, bottom edge flaked, top edge pounding/hammerstone, flat bottom facet top facet slightly concave, nearly whole flake? b/bif? A broken dish/mortar?, one facet ground, slightly convex, ledge trimmed with flaking grinding&sheen &minor pitting on cortex indicates bipolar flaked pebble, core? ? 30% pebble was pestle 1 facet ground, flake off dish or topstone, no sheen backed blade, not completed ? F/U ? 1 F prox. Blade, weathered skin, blade scars ? B/U? F flake split cone? B/U ? F flake? crushed ? F flake? 5% ? F/U? F flake? crushed? H flake distal? 0 54 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data 14 white silcrete 15 15 5 15.0 flake prox. crushed 0 15 white silcrete 17 11.6 3.3 14.0 flake crushed A 16 _g tz z 11 13 6 12.0 flake tool (adze like) distal heavy step crushed 0 17 qtz 13 10 2.7 11.4 blade distal crushed F 18 pink qtzite 13 10 2 11.4 blade crushed F 19 qtz 8 10 1.9 8.9 blade prox. crushed 20 yellow silcrete 11 10 3 10.5 flake tool (burin) F/U polished by 21 white qtzite 17 14 4 15.4 blade prox. Off pebble 20% wind/water crushed 0 . 0 0 R3 A:1 o 1 _g tz 16.4 14 5.5 15.2 flake tool thumbnail step crushed 2 gtz 19 11 7 14.5 flake crushed F 3 qtz 10 13 4.6 11.4 flake F/U 4 qtz 7 6 2 6.5 flake proximal F/U 5 qtz 13.S 7 7 9.7 flake off corner of bipolar core B/U 6 qtz 10 9 5 9.5 flake B/U F 7 qtz 15 7.5 3 10.6 flake 10% of pebble crushed 8 gtz 11.6 5.7 2.7 8.1 flake crushed 9 qtz 6 12 5.6 8.5 flake proximal crushed 10 qtz 9.6 4.5 1.2 6.6 flake fragment 0 11 qtz 5.6 8.4 2 6.9 flake proximal U/B 12 ___gtz 8 4 2 5.7 flake crushed 13 qtz 9 4 3 6.0 flake crushed 14 qtz 4 6 2 4.9 flake proximal crushed 15 ___gtz 5 5 2 5.0 flake fragment fine grey 16 silcrete 14.5 11 5 12.6 flake tool, mishapen, bending fracture, step+ scalar one edge F/U 17 coarse grey silc. 11 8 4 9.4 flake B/U fine grey 18 silcrete 8 4 2 5.7 flake F/u 19 yellow silcrete 11 7 2 8.8 flake crushed 55 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data fine grey 20 silcrete 7 5 2 5.9 flake distal 21 coarse grey silc. 10 7 5 8.4 flake F/U 22 coarse grey silc. 9 8 3 8.5 flake fragment 23 coarse grey silc. 6 7 3 6.5 flake proximal crushed 0 0 R3 A:2 scalar +usewear one 1 quartzite 29 12 4 18.7 blade tool blade scars side F/U 2 quartzite 15 29 8 20.9 flake (waisted) B/U step one side, UW 1 3 coarse grey silc. 20 10 5 14.1 flake tool (waisted) side 13/U 4 coarse grey silc. 10 18 5 13.4 flake 13/U F 5 pink grey silc 13 10 2.5 11.4 flake B/U P 6 coarse grey silc. 9 9 2.5 9.0 flake F/U A 7 pink grey silc 12 10 4 11.0 flake 40 crushed 8 beige silcrete 7 5 1.25 5.9 flake proximal crushed 9 red cyptocryst 14 6 2 9.2 flake F/U F 10 clear qtz 19 19 6.5 19.0 flake off bipolar core, blade scars crushed crushed 11 qtz 14 6 6 9.2 flake crushed crushed 12 qtz 15 11 4 12.8 flake B/U F 13 qtz 11 6 4 8.1 flake crushed crushed R3 A:3 o o 0 1 qtz 20 14 7 16.7 bipolar split core crushed crushed 2 qtz 9 5 2 6.7 flake crushed F 3 _gtz 7 12 4 9.2 flake proximal crushed 4 gtz 6 6 5 6.0 flake fragment o 5 qtz 9 6 1.5 7.3 flake B/U F 6 qtz 8 6 1.7 6.9 flake B/U 7 black hnrnfP ls 13 13 3 13.0 flake 15% B/Bif A 8 beige silcrete 12 8 4 9.8 flake crushed crushed 9 black hornfels 15 9 6 11.6 flake tool burin F/U F 56 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data 10 beige quartzite 10 11 2 10.5 flake (waisted) B/U F 11 beige quartzite 9.5 7 2 8.2 flake crushed crushed 12 dark grey qtzite 6 8 3 6.9 flake F/U F 13 _yellow silcrete 11 6.5 1.3 8.5 flake crushed F 14 _pink grey silc 8 6 1 6.9 flake F/U F 15 grey microcryst 7 6 1 6.5 flake crushed F 16 dark grey qtzite 8.5 7 3 7.7 flake fragment o o 17 grey microcryst 6 7 1.7 6.5 flake proximal B/Bif o 18 grey silcrete 10 3.5 2 5.9 flake fragment o 0 fine grey 19 silcrete 7 6 1 6.5 flake fragment o 0 R3 A:4 0 o o 1 quartz 16 12 4 13.9 flake blade scars crushed crushed 2 quartz 13 9.4 2.5 11.1 flake split tool usewear one side, b.scars B/U P scalarl side, step 1 3 quartz 13 10 3 11.4 flake toolstraight edge side B/U A 4 quartz 9 13.4 3 11.0 flake prox. crushed o 5 quartz 9.8 8 3.3 8.9 flake crushed crushed 6 quartz 11 6 1.4 8.1 flake c F 7 quartz 11 7 4.6 8.8 flake distal o F 8 quartz 9 9 3 9.0 flake 10% B/U F 9 quartz 10 9 5 9.5 flake crushed crushed 10 quartz 5.7 8.7 2.7 7.0 flake prox. B/U o 11 quartz 6 5 2 5.5 flake fragment o o 12 quartz 9 6 4 7.3 flake crushed crushed 13 quartz 9 6 5 7.3 flake fragment o o 14 pink qtzite 19 12 3.7 15.1 flake tool usewear one side B/U F 15 red quartzite 13 15 4 14.0 flake B/U H 16 fine grey silcrete 15 10 6 12.2 bipolar split core bi-directional, split, turned 17 grey silcrete 11 13 3.6 12.0 flake tool scalar on end B/U F 18 pink grey silc 11.5 6 2.6 8.3 flake split cone crushed crushed 57 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data 19 beige qtzite 11.5 5 2.4 7.6 flake B/U F 20 pink grey silc 11 9 3.4 9.9 flake bending crushed crushed 21 beige qtzite 15 8 1.8 11.0 flake waisted crushed F 22 beige qtzite 9.5 7 2 8.2 flake B/U crushed 23 beige qtzite 13 8 2.7 10.2 flake F/U P 24 beige qtzite 9 8 2 8.5 flake distal o F 25 beige qtzite 10 4 3 6.3 flake fragment o o 26 grey silcrete 8.5 6.3 1.5 7.3 flake fragment o o 27 grey silcrete 5 8 1.5 6.3 flake B/U A 28 grey silcrete 10 7 1.8 8.4 flake B/U F 29 grey silcrete 6 8 2.6 6.9 flake fragment o o 30 grey silcrete 8 6 1.7 6.9 flake B/U F R3 A:5 0.0 o o a 1 grey quartz 16 18 4.5 17.0 flake B/U A 2 quartz 12 9 5 10.4 flake B/U F 3 quartz 11.5 12.5 4 12.0 flake B/U F 4 quartz 8 5.5 2.5 6.6 flake B/U F 5 quartz 10.5 9 5 9.7 flake crushed crushed 6 quartz 8.5 6 2.8 7.1 flake crushed crushed 7 red quartzite 9.5 10 2 9.7 flake F/U H 8 quartz 12 8 4 9.8 flake crushed crushed backing, cresent 9 quartz 8.5 6.3 1.7 7.3 flake tool backed blade geometric F/U F 10 __quartz 8.4 4.7 2.4 6.3 flake crushed crushed 11 quartz 8 7 4 7.5 flake crushed crushed 12 quartz 6.5 5 2 5.7 flake fragment o o 13 quartz 12 12 3 12.0 flake crushed crushed 14 red silcrete 16 9 3 12.0 flake B/U P 15 red silcrete 13 10 4 11.4 flake F/U P brown 16 microcrys 10 12 3 11.0 flake tool usewear on end F/U P 17 grey microcryst 13.5 10 6 11.6 flake corner off core crushed A 58 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data 18 black hornfels 12 13 8 12.5 flake corner off core B/Bif P 19 grey silcrete 8.5 12 1.8 10.1 flake proximal F/U o 20 grey silcrete 8 5 1.8 6.3 flake crushed crushed 21 pink grey silc 12 9 1.8 10.4 flake F/U F brown 22 microcrys 12 5 1.9 7.7 flake F/U crushed 23 coarse grey silc. 12.5 9.4 3 10.8 flake crushed crushed 24 coarse grey silc. 11 8 2 9.4 flake crushed F 25 coarse grey silc. 7.6 15 3 10.7 flake B/U A 26 quartz 10 5 1.8 7.1 flake fragment o o fine grey 27 silcrete 9 6 3 7.3 flake proximal crushed o 28 quartz 10 9 4 9.5 flake fragment o o 29 quartz 7 10 2.6 8.4 flake fragment o o 30 beige silcrete 8 7 2 7.5 flake crushed F coarse beige 31 silcrete 8.4 9 2.5 8.7 flake proximal B/U o 32 quartz 6 7 4.5 6.5 flake fragment o 0 33 quartz 7 7 2 7.0 flake crushed R3 A:6 o 0.0 o o o 1 red silcrete 22 12 5 16.2 flake crushed crushed 2 fine grey silcrete 19 7 3 11.5 flake toolbondi point sides 'serrated', point ret B/Bif F fine grey 3 silcrete 15.5 9.7 2 12.3 flake tool usewear on end F/U F 4 beige silcrete 10 12 1.7 11.0 flake proximal B/Bif o 5 black hornfels 16 11 4.5 13.3 flake F/U F 6 black hornfels 14.7 12 4 13.3 flake proximal crushed o 7 black hornfels 10 7 L6 8.4 flake crushed F 8 black hornfels 6 4.6 1 5.3 flake 2 potlids crushed F coarse beige 9 silcrete 10 7 3 8.4 flake fragment o o coarse beige 10 silcrete 10 7 2 8.4 flake crushed crushed 59 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data coarse beige 11 silcrete 15 8 4.5 11.0 flake proximal B/U o coarse beige 12 silcrete 12 7 2 9.2 flake distal o F coarse beige 13 silcrete 9.7 11 1.6 10.3 flake F/U P orange red 14 silcrete 11.6 5 2.2 7.6 flake B/U F 15 red silcrete 11.7 6 4 8.4 flake corner off core crushed crushed brown 16 microcrys 16 8 4 11.3 flake F/U A 17 fine red silcrete 7 4.6 1 5.7 flake B/U A 18 red silcrete 13.5 8 3 10.4 flake crushed F fine grey 19 silcrete 15 9 3.6 11.6 flake F/U F 20 beige quartzite 10 12 3 11.0 flake distal o F 21 beige silcrete 7.6 7 1.8 7.3 flake crushed crushed 22 beige silcrete 9 7.5 2 8.2 flake B/U F fine grey 23 silcrete 6.4 8.2 2 7.2 flake B/U F off corner of bipolar 24 pink grey silc 9 7 4 7.9 flake core B/U P brown 25 microcrys 7.8 5 2.5 6.2 flake B/U A 26 red silcrete 9 5 2 6.7 flake crushed P 27 grey silcrete 10 8 3.6 8.9 flake fragment o o off corner of bipolar 28 quartz 12.7 12 8 12.3 flake core B/U P 29 grey silcrete 7.6 8.2 2 7.9 flake B/U P 30 quartz 13 8.7 5.6 10.6 flake crushed crushed off corner of bipolar 31 quartz 12 9 6 10.4 flake core crushed crushed 32 quartz 16 8 4.5 11.3 flake B/U F 33 quartz 12 8 4 9.8 flake crushed crushed 34 quartz 6 7 1.2 6.5 flake proximal F/U o 35 quartz 17 5 3.5 9.2 flake tool straight edge, triangle usewear +step 1 side o o 36 fine grey 7 10 1.3 8.4 flake B/U F 60 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data silcrete 37 quartz 14 8 3 10.6 flake crushed F 38 beige silcrete 11 6 3 8.1 flake crushed F 39 quartz 8.6 8.6 2 8.6 flake proximal crushed o 40 quartz 10 -5.5 2.9 7.4 flake crushed F 41 beige quartzite 8 7 1.3 7.5 flake distal o F brown 42 microcrys 8 7 4 7.5 flake distal o F 43 grey silcrete 6 7 2.4 6.5 flake distal o F 44 quartz 8 5 1.6 6.3 flake crushed F 45 quartz 6.4 4 1.4 5.1 flake B/U F 46 quartz 7.5 7 4 7.2 flake fragment o o 47 pink grey silc 8.6 5.7 1.8 7.0 flake crushed F 48 quartz 9.2 5.6 1 7.2 flake crushed crushed 49 beige silcrete 6 6.4 2.5 6.2 flake proximal B/U o A:7 o 0.0 o o pebble cortex heat 1 quartz 28 25 12 26.5 flake, bipolar off pebble 40% fract crushed crushed 2 quartz 21 20 12.6 20.5 bipolar split core very heat fractured o o 3 quartz 16 13 4 14.4 flake 20% usewear one side crushed F 4 quartz 17 8 6 11.7 flake crushed crushed 5 quartz 13 11 2.8 12.0 flake crushed crushed 6 quartz 14 13 2.8 13.5 flake tool B/U P 7 quartz 13 7 3 9.5 flake F/U P 8 quartz 13 9 4.6 10.8 flake B/U A 9 quartz 9 6.6 2.8 7.7 flake crushed F 10 quartz 8 8.6 1.9 8.3 flake B/U F 11 quartz 11 4 3 6.6 flake fragment o o 12 quartz 8 5 1.5 6.3 flake B/U F 13 quartz 12 6 2 8.5 flake F/U F 14 quartz 14 6 6 9.2 flake fragment o o 15 quartz 13 6 5 8.8 flake B/U H 61 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data 16 quartz 6 8 2.4 6.9 flake B/U P 17 quartz 7 3.8 1.2 5.2 flake F/U F 18 quartz 6 9 4 7.3 flake proximal B/U o 19 quartz 7 7 4 7.0 flake distal o 20 quartz 8 6 1.3 6.9 flake distal o F 21 quartz 9 7 2.5 7.9 flake crushed F 22 quartz 8 6 1.5 6.9 flake B/U 23 quartz 10 7 3 8.4 flake crushed crushed 24 quartz 12 8 4 9.8 flake crushed F 25 quartz 14 7 5.4 9.9 flake crushed crushed 26 quartz 7 6 3 6.5 flake distal o F 27 quartz 11 4 2.5 6.6 flake fragment o 0 28 quartz 6.7 5 1.7 5.8 flake fragment o o 29 quartz 7 4 2.7 5.3 flake crushed F 30 quartz 6 4 1.8 4.9 flake B/U F 31 quartz 8 5 4 6.3 flake fragment o o 32 brown quartzite 15 20 3.7 17.3 flake 15% B/U 33 beige quartzite 17 14 10 15.4 flake B/U A 34 grey silcrete 16 14 6 15.0 flake B/U P 35 beige quartzite 15 12 5 13.4 flake fragment o 0 partially backed, cord 36 pink grey silc 15 11.5 3.8 13.1 geometric backed blade undamaged B/U o 37 pink grey silc 20 5 3 10.0 flake 10% F/U A 38 beige silcrete 10 10 3 10.0 flake crushed crushed 39 red quartzite 13 7 2.2 9.5 flake crushed crushed 40 red silcrete 14 8 4 10.6 flake 40% 1 potlid F/U P 41 red silcrete 8.5 12 6 10.1 flake proximal crushed o 42 red quartzite 7 6.4 2 6.7 flake proximal 30% crushed o 43 red quartzite 8 5 1.5 6.3 tlake F/U A 44 red silcrete 7 11 2.4 8.8 flake proximal crushed o fine grey 45 silcrete 7 10 2.2 8.4 flake F/U H 62 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data fine grey 46 silcrete 6 11 2.4 8.1 flake B/U H fine grey 47 silcrete 9.6 6 1.7 7.6 flake B/U 48 beige quartzite 10 14 5 11.8 flake proximal B/U o 49 beige quartzite 14 7 4.3 9.9 flake B/U H 50 beige quartzite 10 5 1.6 7.1 flake fragment o 0 51 pink quartzite 7 13 2.2 9.5 flake distal o F 52 grey silcrete 10 7 2 8.4 flake crushed crushed 53 brown quartzite 11 7 2.5 8.8 flake crushed F 54 beige quartzite 11 7 2.2 8.8 flake proximal crushed o 55 beige quartzite 12 7 3 9.2 flake proximal crushed o 56 pink grey silc 9 6 6 7.3 flake fragment o o 57 red silcrete 8 7 2 7.5 flake B/U A 58 beige quartzite 8 5 2.4 6.3 flake F/U F 59 grey silcrete 13 4 3 7.2 flake F/U A 60 beige silcrete 10 9 6 •? 9.5 flake fragment o o 61 quartz 12 4 2 6.9 flake crushed F 62 yellow silcrete 8 9 4.5 8.5 flake B/U F 63 black hornfels 10 6 3 7.7 flake fragment o o 64 beige silcrete 10.5 5 3 7.2 flake B/U F 65 quartz 10 8 5 8.9 flake fragment o o R3 A:8 0 0.0 0 0 0 1 beige quartzite 37 24 7 29.8 flake tool UW one side B/U F 2 beige quartzite 24 17 12 20.2 core bipolar split crushing both ends o 3 grey silcrete 18 11 10 14.1 core bipolar split crushing both ends o 4 grey silcrete 16 10 3.4 12.6 flake 50% crushed crushed S grey silcrete 13 10 3 11.4 flake 15% potlid crushed f 6 beige quartzite 17 11 6 13.7 flake 35% crushed f 7 beige quartzite 9 12 2.5 10.4 flake crushed f 8 grey silcrete 13 8 2.8 10.2 flake crushed p 9 quartz 14 13 3.4 13.5 flake B/U h 63 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data 10 quartz 16 12 3.3 13.9 flake crushed p 11 quartz 16 6 2.8 9.8 flake split? cone tool scalar one side B/U p 12 quartz 16 13 8 14.4 flake proximal crushed 0 13 quartz 13 7 3 9.5 flake distal o f 14 quartz 11 9 3.4 9.9 flake fragment heat fract o 0 15 quartz 13 8 4 10.2 flake 2 potlids B/U A 16 quartz 9 8 2.3 8.5 flake B/U F 17 quartz 8 12 4 9.8 flake crushed crushed 18 quartz 9 5 1.8 6.7 flake B/U A 19 quartz 9 8 3.6 8.5 flake proximal B/U 0 20 quartz 7 5 1.4 5.9 flake proximal crushed 0 21 clear qtz 7 5 1.5 5.9 flake fragment o 0 22 clear qtz 7 7 1.6 7.0 flake fragment F/U H 23 pink quartzite 15 9 4.4 11.6 flake B/U crushed 24 pink quartzite 19 9 7.4 13.1 flake B/U P 25 red silcrete 13 9 4.6 10.8 flake B/U A 26 red silcrete 8 7 2 7.5 flake fragment 0 0 27 red silcrete 8 11 4 9.4 flake B/U A 28 chert 13 5 1 8.1 flake tool, end tool, scalar & UW on end B/U F 29 grey silcrete 6 10 4.3 7.7 flake proximal, triangular, snapped bondi? B/U 0 30 beige quartzite 10 7 3 8.4 flake fragment, triangular, snapped bondi? 0 0 31 quartz 11 8 2 9.4 flake I I crushed F 32 chert 6 10 4 7.7 flake tool proximal, triangular,snapped bondi, scalar on side B/Bif 0 33 quartz 8 6 1.4 6.9 flake B/U crushed 34 beige quartzite 9 10 2.6 9.5 flake crushed crushed 35 fine grey silcrete 9 6 2.5 7.3 flake proximal F/U 0 36 fine grey silcrete 8 7 1.5 7.5 flake B/U F 37 beige quartzite 11 4.5 3 7.0 flake F/U crushed 38 yellow silcrete 9 8 3 8.5 flake fragment 0 0 39 red silcrete 5 9 2.6 6.7 flake fragment, triangular, snapped bondi?,scalar on edge, 0 0 64 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data fine grey 40 silcrete 6.7 9.7 3.7 8.1 flake tool proximal, triangular,snapped bondi, step one side F/U 0 41 quartz 7 4.6 2 5.7 flake B/U F 42 quartz 4.8 5.2 2.3 5.0 flake fragment 0 0 R3 A:9 0 0.0 0 0 0 fine grey turned & attempt to reduce, step, max scar 16 1 silcrete 23 16 14 19.2 bipolar"blade" core 60% x 9, cortex 1 side, fat used w & r stripy 2 Qtzite 17 14 5.6 15.4 flake tool UW one side, keeled? B/Bif crushed 3 quartz 17 15 6 16.0 flake tool UW 2 sides F/U P 1 side heavily step 4 pink grey silc 20 12 5.4 15.5 flake tool, "adze" or "burren" flaked 0 A 5 grey silcrete 19 11 3.4 14.5 flake tool, triangular, bondi curved edge, scalar, point retouched B/U F 6 quartz 15 9.5 3.4 11.9 flake heat fract B/U 0 7 pink grey silc 13 14.5 3.8 13.7 flake proximal B/U 0 pebble cortex heat fract, scalar on 8 quartz 11.5 13.6 5.5 12.5 flake distal, tool 45% end F 9 quartz 12 10 3.2 11.0 flake proximal crushed 0 10 quartz 10 11 3.3 10.5 flake proximal B/U 0 11 quartz 17 9 2.7 12.4 flake crushed crushed 12 quartz 10.5 9 3.7 9.7 flake crushed crushed 13 quartz 14 6 2.6 9.2 flake fragment 0 0 14 quartz 7 6.5 2.4 6.7 flake proximal crushed 0 15 quartz 8 5 3 6.3 flake distal 0 f 16 quartz 8 5.6 2 6.7 flake crushed f 17 quartz 6.5 5.5 1.8 6.0 flake B/U f 18 quartz 10 7 4 8.4 flake split? cone 60% pebble 0 P 19 quartz 13 10 3 11.4 flake distal, tool UW one side, notch 0 F 20 quartz 12 9 5 10.4 flake fragment 0 0 fine grey 21 silcrete 12 5 1.5 7.7 blade tool end UW, blade scars F/U f fine grey 22 silcrete 10 9 2.2 9.5 flake F/U f 23 quartz 9.6 5.7 3.7 7.4 spit pebble 60% smooth, heat fract. 0 65 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data 24 beige quartzite 12 8 2 9.8 flake split? cone 0 f 25 fine grey silcrete 9 7.5 3.4 8.2 flake fragment 0 0 26 fine grey silcrete 10 6.6 1.7 8.1 flake tool UW on end & 1 side crushed f 27 fine grey silcrete 10 6 1.8 7.7 flake fragment 0 0 28 quartz 14 10 6 11.8 flake 20% pebble B/U F 29 quartz 11 7 3.6 8.8 flake 40% pitted cortex, off h.stone? crushed F 30 quartz 9.3 10 3.4 9.6 flake distal 10% 0 f 31 grey quartzite 12 9 2 10.4 flake potlid B/U F 32 fine grey silcrete 7 12 3 9.2 flake distal 0 F 33 fine grey silcrete 8 5 1.6 6.3 flake fragment 0 0 34 fine grey silcrete 12 6.5 1.6 8.8 flake fragment 0 0 35 pink grey silc 9.4 8 1.4 8.7 flake F/U F 36 yellow silcrete 8.5 6 2 7.1 flake fragment 0 0 37 grey silcrete 10 7 1.3 8.4 flake crushed f 38 grey silcrete 7 9 2.6 7.9 flake distal 0 f 39 grey silcrete 7 7 1.3 7.0 flake proximal F/U 0 40 quartz 10 5 2.4 7.1 flake fragment 0 0 41 grey silcrete 9 4.5 1.5 6.4 flake F/U f 42 quartz 6 4 2 4.9 flake fragment 0 0 43 quartz 9 4 2.5 6.0 flake fragment 0 0 44 beige quartzite quartz 9 6 6.5 5.5 1.1 1.2 7.6 5.7 flake flake proximal ? ? crushed B/U f 045 grey silcrete 6 7.5 1.7 6.7 flake proximal B/U 0 R3 A:10 o 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 grey quartzite 17 17 9.5 10 17.0 22.2 bipolar core split bipolar core split ? ? 0 0 0 02 quartz 19 26 3 quartz 11 21 5 15.2 flake proximal B/U 0 66 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data 4 quartz 14 17 9 15.4 bipolar core split 0 0 5 quartz 14 15 7 14.5 flake crushed F 6 quartz 12 11 3.6 11.5 flake proximal F/U 0 7 quartz 9 11 2 9.9 flake proximal F/U 0 8 clear qtz 8 13 3 10.2 flake distal 0 crushed 9 quartz 8 9 3 8.5 flake fragment 0 0 10 quartz 12 7 1.7 9.2 flake tool UW both sides crushed f 11 grey silcrete 20 16 4.4 17.9 flake crushed f 12 grey silcrete 10.4 13 3.4 11.6 flake proximal B/U 0 13 grey quartzite 10.6 15 2.6 12.6 flake distal, tool UW on end 0 F 14 grey quartzite 10 15 1.3 12.2 flake proximal B/U 0 15 grey quartzite 12 11 1.8 11.5 flake B/U f 16 grey quartzite 18 11 5 14.1 flake B/Bif A 17 _quartz 14 10 7 11.8 flake fragment 0 0 18 quartz 12 5 4 7.7 flake crushed crushed off ground 19 volcanic? 12 8 2 9.8 ground fragment -spall implement- axe? 0 0 20 yellow silcrete 10 7 1.4 8.4 flake fragment 0 0 21 beige quartzite 5 8 3 6.3 flake proximal B/U 0 22 grey quartzite 7 8.6 2.4 7.8 flake B/U f 23 black silcrete 7.6 10.6 2.4 9.0 flake B/U f 24 grey silcrete 8 10 1.5 8.9 flake crushed f 25 pink grey silc 8 7 1.8 7.5 flake fragment 0 0 26 pink grey silc 8.6 8.4 1.8 8.5 flake tool scalar retouch 1 side crushed crushed 27 grey silcrete 7 11 2.5 8.8 flake B/U f 28 yellow silcrete 8 6 2 6.9 flake fragment 0 0 29 pink grey silc 7 7 2 7.0 flake B/U f 30 pink grey silc 9 6 2 7.3 flake fragment 0 0 31 quartz 8 6 2 6.9 flake crushed crushed 32 quartz 7 6 2.8 6.5 flake crushed crushed 33 beige silcrete 8 6 2 6.9 flake B/U F 67 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data R3 A:11 0 0.0 0 0 0 1 microcrystalline 14 13 11 13.5 bipolar core split 0 0 2 beige quartzite 18 18 7 18.0 flake B/U F 3 grey silcrete 17 15 4.5 16.0 flake tool UW 2 sides B/U F 4 beige quartzite 17 9 2.6 12.4 flake crushed f 5 red silcrete 19 11 3.6 14.5 flake B/U f fine grey 6 silcrete 11 12 4 11.5 flake tip snapped? crushed A 7 red silcrete 13 7 4 9.5 flake tool -burin crushed crushed 8 red silcrete 13 7 2 9.5 flake crushed crushed 9 red silcrete 8 8 4 8.0 flake fragment 0 0 10 grey silcrete 10 7 1.8 8.4 flake crushed f 11 grey quartzite 11 8 2 9.4 flake crushed f 12 quartz 15 10 5 12.2 flake crushed crushed 13 quartz 11 10 2.4 10.5 flake crushed f 14 quartz 10 11 6.8 10.5 flake B/U A 15 quartz 11 9 5 9.9 flake crushed f 16 quartz 10 5 3 7.1 flake crushed 17 quartz 9.5 11 3 10.2 flake tool 0 0 18 quartz 10.5 7 2 8.6 flake crushed f 19 quartz 10 8 4.5 8.9 flake fragment 0 0 20 quartz 7 7 2 7.0 flake distal 0 f 21 quartz 9 6.6 2.7 7.7 flake fragment 0 0 22 black silcrete 11.6 5 2.7 7.6 flake split? cone B/U f 23 quartz 9 6 3.6 7.3 flake B/U f R3 A:12 0 0.0 0 0 0 1 black silcrete 24 17 5 20.2 flake crushed A 2 quartz 17 18 7 17.5 bipolar core split 0 0 3 quartz 23 1/ 12 19.8 bipolar core split 0 0 4 quartz 12 9 5 10.4 flake crushed F 5 quartz 9 6 2 7.3 flake fragment 0 0 68 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data 6 quartz 11 6 2 8.1 flake crushed f 7 quartz 11 11 6.5 11.0 flake B/U A 8 quartz 11 9 3.8 9.9 flake B/U f 9 beige quartzite 20 14 3 16.7 flake tool geometric backed blade, chord undamaged f 10 red quartzite 19 14 6 16.3 flake 50% crushed 11 red silcrete 16 9 2.7 12.0 flake F/U f 12 red silcrete 16 7 5 10.6 flake fragment 0 0 13 brown silcrete 17 6 3 10.1 flake tool -burin crushed crushed 14 beige quartzite 9 11 3.5 9.9 flake distal 0 f 15 beige silcrete 11 9 2.6 9.9 flake 20% B/U f 16 beige quartzite 13 11 3.4 12.0 flake F/U f 17 red silcrete 14 12 9 13.0 spit pebble 60% 0 0 18 grey quartzite 14 9 3.3 11.2 flake split? cone 0 f 19 grey quartzite 10 8 2 8.9 flake fragment 0 0 20 brown silcrete 13 4.5 1.9 7.6 flake crushed crushed 21 beige quartzite 14 5 2.7 8.4 flake B/U f 22 yellow silcrete 12 5.5 3 8.1 flake tool -burin ??? crushed crushed 23 beige quartzite 10 5 2 7.1 flake crushed f 24 fine grey silcrete 8 6 1 6.9 flake tip snapped F/U f 25 pink grey silc 9 7 2 7.9 flake fragment 0 0 26 quartz 8 6 3 6.9 flake fragment 0 0 27 brown silcrete 6 6 1 6.0 flake crushed F R3 A:13 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 beige silcrete 27 18 9 22.0 flake split? cone 40% crushed P 2 red silcrete 8 9 4.5 8.5 flake fragment 0 0 3 red quartzite 9 7 2.5 7.9 flake B/U F 4 quartz 16 13 7 14.4 flake ton ! prny imAl scalar on 2 sides, thick f crushed 0 5 quartz 13 7 2.5 9.5 flake crushed F 6 quartz 8 12 7 9.8 flake fragment 0 0 69 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data 7 quartz 11 13 4 12.0 flake crushed f 8 quartz 11 10 4 10.5 flake fragment 0 0 9 quartz 10 6 4 7.7 flake crushed crushed 10 quartz 11 9 4 9.9 flake crushed crushed 11 quartz 11 4 1 6.6 flake crushed f 12 _quartz 9 4 2 6.0 flake split? cone crushed crushed 13 quartz 8 5 2 6.3 flake crushed crushed 14 pink grey silc 18 9 4.5 12.7 flake B/U crushed 15 grey quartzite 14 10 3 11.8 flake crushed f 16 grey quartzite 10 15 3 12.2 flake crushed f 17 black hornfels 8 5 1 6.3 flake F/U f 18 pink quartzite 9 4 2.5 6.0 flake crushed f 19 grey silcrete 7 6 1.4 6.5 flake crushed 20 quartz 13 7 3 9.5 flake crushed crushed R3 A:14 0 0.0 0 0 0 1 grey quartzite 15 18 6 16.4 flake B/U A geometric backed blade, chord 2 red silcrete 13 9 3 10.8 flake tool undamaged F 3 greeenstone? 13 11 3 12.0 flake of ground implement B/U F 4 grey quartzite 11 6 4.5 8.1 flake crushed crushed 5 red silcrete 10 6 2 7.7 flake proximal crushed 0 6 grey silcrete 7 9 2 7.9 flake proximal 10% crushed 0 7 quartz 11 10 2 10.5 flake fragment 0 0 8 quartz 12 9 4 10.4 flake tool UW one side crushed f 9 quartz 14 8 4 10.6 flake fragment 0 0 10 quartz 10 5 2 7.1 flake fragment 0 0 11 quartz 14 4 3 7.5 flake crushed crushed 12 quartz 9 6 1.5 7.3 flake distal 0 f notched, scalar 1 13 chert 30 10 4 17.3 flake tool, triangular side 0 f 2 pointed retouched R3 A:15 0 0.0 0 ends 0 0 70 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data 1 quartz 14 14 4 14.0 flake 10% crushed 2 quartz 17 8 5 11.7 flake crushed crushed 3 quartz 6 12 4 8.5 flake distal, tool UW on end 0 0 4 quartz 9 9 3 9.0 flake crushed crushed 5 quartz 8 8 1 8.0 flake B/U F 6 quartz 13 7 3 9.5 flake crushed F 7 grey quartzite 11 10 2 10.5 flake F/U A 8 grey silcrete 10 7 1 8.4 flake distal 0 F 9 quartz 11 5 3 7.4 flake B/U A 10 quartz 10 8 4 8.9 flake fragment 0 0 11 red silcrete 9 6 2 7.3 flake 40% crushed crushed 12 quartz 8 6 1 6.9 flake crushed crushed 13 quartz 9 7 3 7.9 flake fragment 0 0 R3 A:16 0 0.0 0 0 0 1 red silcrete 17 7 1.4 10.9 flake F/U F 2 red silcrete 5 10 1 7.1 flake distal 0 f 3 grey silcrete 11 11 1.7 11.0 flake crushed P 4 pink grey silc 10 12 3 11.0 flake tool "adze" bifacial 1 edge B/U A 5 quartz 13 12 3 12.5 flake crushed f 6 quartz 9 13 3 10.8 flake fragment 0 0 7 grey silcrete 12 7 2 9.2 flake fragment 0 0 8 black hornfels 13 8 3.5 10.2 flake crushed crushed 9 quartz 13 6 2 8.8 flake split? cone crushed f 10 1 quartz 11 8 5 9.4 flake B/U H 11 quartz 9 8 4 8.5 flake fragment 0 0 12 quartz 13 6 1.7 8.8 flake fragment 0 0 13 quartz 8 5 1.7 6.3 flake fragment 0 0 11 microcrystalline 9 7 2 7.9 flake 55% smooth pebble crushed f 15 beige quartzite 8 9 2.2 8.5 flake B/U H 16 beige crushed f 71 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data 17 quartz 10 6 2 7.7 flake crushed crushed 18 quartz 8 7 1.7 7.5 flake crushed f 19 quartz 9 6 2 7.3 flake crushed crushed 20 quartz 8 5 3 6.3 flake proximal crushed 0 21 quartz 9 6 2.4 7.3 flake B/U f 22 quartz 8 10 3 8.9 flake B/U 23 quartz 6 6 1.3 6.0 flake fragment 0 0 24 quartz 7 5 5 5.9 flake fragment 0 0 25 pink quartzite 6 5 1.4 5.5 flake distal 0 f 26 red silcrete 7 7 1.5 7.0 flake distal 0 f R3 A:17 0 0.0 0 0 0 1 grey silcrete 20 13 8 16.1 bipolar core split 25% rough cortex 0 0 2 grey silcrete 21 10 3.8 14.5 flake crushed crushed 3 grey quartzite 12 18 2.8 14.7 flake crushed p 4 grey quartzite 16 10 3 12.6 flake split? cone crushed f 5 beige quartzite 8 11 3.5 9.4 flake fragment 0 0 6 beige quartzite 12 8 2.7 9.8 flake crushed p 7 beige quartzite 12 11 2.3 11.5 flake proximal crushed 0 8 microcrystalline 9 10 5 9.5 flake fragment 0 0 9 quartz 13 8 4 10.2 flake 55% pebble smooth crushed crushed 10 microcrystalline 11 7 3 8.8 flake crushed crushed 11 beige quartzite 14 9 3.3 11.2 flake 65% pebble smooth crushed crushed 12 quartz 17 13 2.4 14.9 flake split? cone crushed crushed 13 quartz 11 11 2.1 11.0 flake crushed A 14 quartz 13 7 4.3 9.5 flake tool -burin ??? end retouch & UW crushed 0 15 quartz 18 6 6 10.4 flake crushed crushed 16 quartz 6 10 3 7.7 flake distal 0 crushed 17 quartz 16 6 3.3 9.8 flake fragment 0 0 18 quartz 8 7 2.8 7.5 flake fragment 0 0 19 quartz 8 5 3 6.3 flake fragment 0 0 72 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data 20 quartz 10 7 3 8.4 flake 15% pebble smooth B/U A 21 quartz 8 6 4 6.9 flake fragment 0 0 22 quartz 10 6 2 7.7 flake crushed crushed 23 quartz 5 10 4 7.1 flake fragment 0 0 24 quartz 8 6 2 6.9 flake fragment 0 0 25 quartz 10 3 3 5.5 flake crushed crushed 26 microcrystalline 11 6 2 8.1 flake fragment 20% pebble smooth 0 0 27 pink grey silc 11 6 1.5 8.1 flake F/U F 28 quartz 9 6 2 7.3 flake fragment 0 0 R3 A:18 0 0.0 0 0 0 1 quartz 5 8 1 6.3 flake distal 0 f 2 quartz 5 7 1.3 5.9 flake B/U f 3 quartz 8 5 2 6.3 flake fragment 0 0 cuspate side2, tip 4 quartz 16 9 4 12.0 flake tool notch+step 1 side broken crushed 0 pebble platform, tip 5 quartz 14 7 3 9.9 flake tool 10% brok crushed 0 6 quartz 15 8 3.9 11.0 flake crushed f 7 grey silcrete 13 8 1.3 10.2 flake 20% crushed f 8 beige quartzite 9 6 1.1 7.3 flake crushed f 9 grey silcrete 8 7 1.3 7.5 flake crushed H 10 quartz 8 6 3 6.9 flake crushed crushed 0 0.0 0 0 0 A:20 black quartzite 20 27 5.8 23.2 f conchoidal tool UW F/U A R3 A:21 0 0.0 0 0 0 1 black hornfels 10 7 2.5 8.4 flake proximal crushed 0 2 black hornfels 6 6 1.7 6.0 flake fragment 0 0 3 black hornfels 11 6 3.5 8.1 flake fragment 0 0 4 microcrystalline 10 5 2 7.1 flake crushed f 5 quartz 12 15 8 13.4 bipolar core split 0 0 6 quartz 17 9 3.5 12.4 flake split? cone 0 P 7 quartz 9 9 2.3 9.0 flake B/U f 73 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data 8 quartz 10 7 3 8.4 flake crushed f 9 quartz 9 5 2 6.7 flake F/U A 10 quartz 12 5 4 7.7 flake fragment 0 0 11 quartz 12 6 5 8.5 flake 20% rough pebble crushed A 12 quartz 11 7 2.6 8.8 flake crushed f 13 quartz 10 11 4 10.5 flake distal, tool UW on end 0 0 14 quartz 9 7 2 7.9 flake crushed f 15 quartz 12 7 4 9.2 flake fragment 0 0 16 quartz 8 7 3 7.5 flake fragment 10% pebble smooth 0 0 17 quartz 9 4 3 6.0 flake crushed crushed 18 quartz 9 5 2 6.7 flake B/U f 19 quartz 7 6 1.8 6.5 flake crushed f 20 quartz 10 5 3 7.1 flake crushed f 21 quartz 6 5 1.5 5.5 flake fragment 0 0 22 quartz 8 6 3.5 6.9 flake proximal crushed 0 23 quartz 5 5 0.8 5.0 flake distal 0 f 24 quartz 6 7 2 6.5 flake crushed A 25 chert 14 14 3.8 14.0 f conchoidal 0 f 26 microcrystalline 13 6 2 8.8 flake proximal 0 0 27 pink quartzite 14 8 3 10.6 flake B/Bif F 28 black hornfels 10 8 1.7 8.9 flake crushed P 29 black hornfels 13 9 4 10.8 flake 45% B/U F R3 A:24 0 0.0 0 0 0 1 quartz 16 11 3 13.3 flake tool scalar on 1 side B/U f 2 quartz 11 5 2.3 7.4 flake B/U f 3 quartz 14 7 2.6 9.9 flake tool UW on tip B/U f 4 quartz 8 6 5 6.9 block 0 0 5 _quartz quartz 7 8 8 5 3 3 7.5 6.3 flake crushed crushed 6 flake crushed crushed 7 quartz 9 6 5 7.3 flake fragment 0 0 74 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data 8 quartz 13 7 4 9.5 flake tool UW 1 side crushed f 9 chert 13 10 4.6 11.4 flake tool "adze" conch heavy step plat tip 0 0 10 quartz 13 10 4 11.4 flake crushed crushed 11 grey quartzite 9 6 1.3 7.3 flake crushed f 12 grey silcrete 5 82 20.2 flake proximal crushed 0 R3 A:25 0 0.0 0 0 0 1 grey quartzite 16 15 4 15.5 flake B/U F 2 pink quartzite 16 14 4 15.0 flake tool- geometric,bifacial flaked chord undamaged, not backed 0 0 3 quartz 12 9 6 10.4 flake fragment 0 0 4 quartz 17 7 4.4 10.9 flake fragment 0 0 5 quartz 12 10 6 11.0 flake crushed p 6 quartz 7 12 4.4 9.2 flake proximal B/U 0 7 quartz 8 8 6 8.0 flake fragment 0 0 8 quartz 7 7 3 7.0 flake crushed f 9 quartz 7 7 1.9 7.0 flake distal 0 f 10 quartz 8 5 3.3 6.3 flake B/U f 11 quartz 5 5 1.4 5.0 flake fragment 0 0 12 quartz 6 5 1.5 5.5 flake fragment 0 0 13 grey silcrete 12 7 2.5 9.2 flake tool 10% UW on tip crushed f 14 grey silcrete 9 7 1.4 7.9 flake fragment 0 0 R3 A:26 0 0.0 0 0 0 1 quartz 7 7 4 7.0 flake B/U A 2 quartz 8 5 3 6.3 flake fragment 0 0 3 quartz 9 6 2 7.3 flake proximal crushed 0 4 quartz 8 4 1.5 5.7 flake crushed crushed 5 quartz 8 6 2 6.9 flake crushed f 6 quartz 6 4 4 4.9 flake fragment 0 0 7 quartz 7 5 2 5.9 flake tragment 50% pebble smooth 0 _ 0 R3 A:27 0 0.0 0 0 0 1 red silcrete 12 9 2.6 10.4 flake 60% pebble smooth crushed f 75 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data 2 quartz 12 8 5 9.8 flake crushed A 3 quartz 6 10 2.6 7.7 flake proximal B/U 0 4 quartz 8 5 3 6.3 flake crushed crushed 5 grey silcrete 8 5 4 6.3 flake 50% cortex crushed A 6 quartz 6 6 1 6.0 flake distal 0 f 7 quartz 6 4 1 4.9 flake fragment 0 0 8 quartz 8 5 1.8 6.3 flake crushed f 9 quartz 8 4 3 5.7 flake fragment 0 0 10 .....g u a r t z 5 6 2 5.5 flake fragment 0 ठ 0 0 0R3 A:28 0 0.0 1 quartz 12 10 3.6 11.0 flake waisted B/U A 2 quartz 7 6 2.3 6.5 flake fragment 0 0 R3 A:29 0.0 0 0 0 1 red silcrete 7 9 2.5 7.9 flake proximal crushed 0 2 red silcrete 8 9 1.5 8.5 flake proximal F/U 0 3 quartz _ 10 8 2.5 8.9 flake proximal crushed 0 4 quartz 8 7 1.3 7.5 flake crushed f 5 quartz 11 6 1 8.1 flake split? cone crushed f 6 quartz 9 3 2 5.2 flake fragment 0 0 count/average 594 45 NO. MATERIAL L W T SQRT ARTEFACT TYPE CORTEX RETOUCH/USE PLATFORM TERMINAT. L X W Core, Flake, Block, Tool... % scalar/step/cus/U (F/B &U/BIF) (F/H/P/A) Lake 1 grey s.sandst 49.5 65.6 9.5 57.0 topstone, thin, flaked edge, worked both sides, no sheen but was in H20, flat facets 2 beige qtzite 48 38 19 42.7 tiny topstone, sheen on one surface, bottom edge flaked, top edge pounding/hammerstone, flat bottom facet o 0.0 top facet slightly concave, nearly whole 3 pink qtzite 65 34 19 47.0 flake? I 4 grey Tzite 59 42 25.5 49.8 broken dish/mortar?, one facet ground, slightly convex, ledge trimmed with flaking 5 pink qtzite 44 29.5 28.7 36.0 bipolar flaked pebble, core? 30% grinding&sheen &minor pitting on cortex indicates pebble was pestle 76 Appendix 5.4 Ravensworth Stone Artefact Data black&pink 1 facet ground, flake off dish or 6 qtzite 37 28 15 32.2 topstone, no sheen backed blade, not 7 grey qtzite 35 21 6 27.1 completed 8 black hornfels 19 28 7 23.1 prox. Blade, weathered skin, blade scars 9 clear qtz 16 11 4.5 13.3 flake split 10 pink qtzite 21 16 4.4 18.3 flake 11 pink qtzite 23 18 12 20.3 flake 5% 12 grey silcrete 15.5 10 4 12.4 flake 13 yellow silcrete 17 23 5 19.8 flake distal 14 white silcrete 15 15 5 15.0 flake prox. 15 white silcrete 17 11.6 3.3 14.0 flake 16 qtz 11 13 6 12.0 flake tool (adze like) distal heavy step 17 qtz 13 10 2.7 11.4 blade distal 18 pink qtzite 13 10 2 11.4 blade 19 qtz 8 10 1.9 8.9 blade prox. 20 yellow silcrete 11 10 3 10.5 flake tool (burin) 21 white qtzite 17 14 4 15.4 blade prox. Off pebble 20% polished by wind/water 77 Appendix 5.5 Tchelery 1.1 Data Table 5.5.1 Tchelery 1.1 survey data Tchelery long section 17degrees north distance ground surface mound Tchelery Cross Section distance ground surface mound Tchelery Cross Section thru excavation distance ground surface mound surface 0 0 0 0.06 0 0.03 4 0.03 6 0.1 29 0.08 9 0.08 14 0.17 40 0 13 0.17 20 0.27 49 0.13 16 0.32 0.32 24 0.44 0.44 59 0.26 19 0.44 0.44 26 0.56 0.56 65 0.46 0.46 23 0.84 0.84 30 0.9 0.9 69 0.67 27 1.33 1.33 33 1.17 1.17 80 1.3 32 1.6 1.6 39 1.57 1.57 90 0.51 1.92 38 1.84 1.84 41 1.73 1.73 101 0.63 2.15 42 1.93 1.93 43 1.8 1.8 111 2.12 47 1.87 1.87 48 1.85 1.85 114 2.13 52 1.87 1.87 50 1.85 1.85 122 2.15 56 1.83 1.83 54 1.76 1.76 132 1.96 60 1.79 1.79 57 1.67 1.67 144 1.23 65 1.73 1.73 60 1.61 1.61 153 0.42 0.42 69 1.72 1.72 63 1.56 1.56 164 0.21 75 1.85 1.85 67 1.51 1.51 174 0.1 82 1.76 1.76 70 1.43 1.43 85 1.76 1.76 75 1.36 1.36 89 1.74 1.74 78 1.24 1.24 0.67 92 1.7 1.7 82 1.08 1.08 1.3 98 1.69 1.69 85 0.87 0.87 1.92 103 1.65 1.65 90 0.67 0.67 2.15 107 1.6 1.6 95 0.46 0.46 2.12 112 1.4 1.4 98 0.26 2.13 117 1.3 1.3 101 0.2 2.15 122 1.17 1.17 108 0.11 1.96 127 0.99 0.99 113 0.02 1.23 78 01180.68 0.45 0.33 Appendix 5.5 Tchelery 1.1 Data 133? 0.68 139? 0.45 141? 0.33 142? 0.24 148? 0.19 153? 0.17 79 Appendix 5.5 Tchelery 1.1 Data Table 5.5.2 Tchelery 1.1 Complex Survey Tchelery 1.8 20 m 20 m .05 m deflated HR MOUND LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT SOIL TYPE SURFACE CONTENTS Tchelery 1.1 130 m 80 m 1.86 m black bipolar and split cores, bone points, microblades, microblade discard, shell, human bone fragments, bird bone, yabbie, fish, small mammal, dense HR Tchelery 1.2 34 m 18 m 1.01m grey black dense HR,? microblade discard,? shell, bird bone, small mammal bone Tchelery 1.3 55 m 45 m 1.32 m i. black burials, microblade, microblade discard, HR, shell, bird bone ii.? orange- grey small & large mammal bone, bone points Tchelery 1.4 67 m 35 m 1.25 m grey black split bipolar core, microblade discard, HR, shell, bird bone small and large mammal bone Tchelery 1.5 18 m 18 m .80 m grey black sparse microblade discard, shell, bird bone, large mammal bone, HR, calcrete nodules Tchelery 1.6 26 m 26 m .05 m deflated small HR, bird bone, other bone, burial, very sparse stone Tchelery 1.7 26 m 20 m .40 m poor exposure HR, sand cover, vegetation Tchelery 80 Appendix 5.5 Tchelery 1.1 Data Table 5.5.3 Tchelery 1.1 excav ation summary Layer Spit (5cm) Square A Square B Square C Square D 1 1 soft to very soft sediment, mottled pale grey to 2 Kangaroo long bone frags medium grey. Insect activity- spiders,termite 3 centipedes, scorpians rabbits dead in burrows 4 conc. fish vertebrae kangaroo toe bones from ripping or poison although layer ripped 5 rabbits dead in burrow still see relationships eg concentrations of bone 6 rabbits dead in burrow from one species 2 7 rabbits dead in burrow soft sediment, grey, with gritty texture 8 sediment more compact old rabbit burrow very soft sediment where disturbed by rabbits 9 10 11 Feature 1- fireplace compact sediment 12 sediment soft area of compact sediment Fl sediment soft 13 Fl +backed bade F 2-dark stain 14 F2-dark stain 81 Appendix 5.5 Tchelery 1.1 Data 15 large pebble 3 16 darker grey to grey/back finer texture than 2, 17 large pebble F3-black compact sed greasy feel, fireplace features 18 F3-black greasy sed. charcoal 19 F5-black, waxy sediment F4 dark ashy feature shell, burnt bone F3 20 F6-black &grey F3 ashy deposit 21 22 F7 small compact bilby in burrow dark dep., heat ret. 23 black deposit & heat ret. F8- dark deposit 24 II 4 25 II dark brown-grey, ash and charcoal rich, greasy/ 26 F8-cluster of heat waxy feel retainers, black, ashy F9-compact hearth In C & D sub-layer of F10-hearth w. baked compact, black, ash & clay base charcoal rich sediment, 27 F8 greasy/waxy 28 black compact deposit F 8 82 Appendix 5.5 Tchelery 1.1 Data 29 black blue ashy deposit uneven junction with microblade compact orange sands, 5 30 uneven junction with uneven junction with uneven junction with 2 post holes, Fl 1 sterile yellow-orange compact orange sands compact orange sands compact orange sands hearth in clay base cla rich sand, very hard, 31 sterile orange clayey sand sterile orange clayey sand sterile orange sands sterile orange sands mottled with white & black minerals 32 ii 83 Appendix 5.5 Tchelery 1.1 Data Table 5.5 .4 Ranee of Faunal S ecies in Tcheler y 1.1 GROUPS SPECIES ID COMMON PARTS FOR ID mussel Velesunio shell fish murray cod Bone (rare large vertebrae) golden perch bone, otolith (only 2) other? f. w. crayfish yabby gastoliths, nippers bird ?water birds bone, egg shell emu egg shell rats/mice several sp. teeth, bone, jaws small Isoodon (bandicoot) teeth, jaws, hone marsupial Perameles (bandicoot) teeth, jaws, bone Macrotis (bilby) whole skeleton, teeth Trichosarus (b.t. possum) Jaw (only 1) Lagorchestes (hare wallaby) teeth Bettongia lesueur (bettong) jaws, teeth Dasyurus (quoll) jaw,teeth large Macropus (grey? kangaroo) teeth, phalanges, long hone marsupial Vombatus (wombat) Tooth (1 only) monotreme echidna bone reptiles goanna jaws,vertebrac snake jaws, vertebrae turtle shell 84 Appendix 5.5 Tchelery 1.1 Data Table 5.5.5 Tchelery Stone Artefact Sample Data WINDOW SAMPLE NO. AREA M GPS E RECORDER: .S.Martin DATE... 1995....NOTES:Excavation material A:1 lx 2.m GPS N NO. MATERIAL L W T SQRT ARTEFACT TYPE CORTEX RETOUCH/USE PLATFORM TERMINAT. LX W Core, Flake, Block, Tool... % scalar/step/cus/U (F/B &U/BIF) (F/HIP/A) 1 qtz 13.4 11.9 9 12.6 flake bipolar crushing crushed crushed 2 qtz 10.1 8.9 5.4 9.5 block 3 brown qtzite silcrete 23.7 12.3 22.4 15.6 12.4 3.6 23.0 13.9 broken pebble pestle? flake 60% 50% 1 facet ground F/U4 5 silcrete 11.8 10.5 3.5 11.1 flake 2 blade scars B/U 6 fine pale a tzite 15.8 11.4 6.6 13.4 flake core rej. B/U 7 grey chert 11.9 9.1 6 10.4 flake tool 20% step I edge 8 d.grey metam. 13.7 13.3 4.5 13.5 flake B/U 9 d.grey metam. 13 9.7 6 11.2 block 40% 10 d.grey metam. 10.3 8 3.1 9.1 flake minor plat crushing B/U crushing 11 d.grey metam. 11.8 9.3 4.5 10.5 flake core rej. B/Bif 12 d.grey metam. 13.5 7.3 2.6 9.9 flake bending fracture B/U 13 d.grey metam. 11.9 8.8 4.1 10.2 flake bending fracture B/U 14 d.grey metam. 8.6 8.3 1.8 8.4 flake fragment 15 d.grey metam. 12.9 12.1 2.4 12.5 flake F/U 16 d.grey metam. 10.1 8.7 2.6 9.4 flake crushing crushing 17 fine pale qtzite 14.3 17.4 4.7 15.8 flake B/U 18 fine pale 13.8 8.7 4.6 11.0 flake B/Bif 85 Appendix 5.5 Tchelery 1.1 Data qtzite I 19 fine pale qtzite 6.7 13 4 9.3 flake B/U F 20 fine pale qtzite 12 9 1.8 10.4 flake B/U F . A:2 0 0 1 fine s.stone 22 21.6 6.7 21.8 grinding dish fragment, top & bottom ground facets, +1 side, sheen 2 coarse qtzite 25 22 8.7 23.5 flake off grinder/mortar?, top of jtz crystals ground off, not a smooth surface 3 red silcrete 12 9.5 4 10.7 flake crushed F 4 pink qtzite 28.6 17 5 22.0 flake F/U 5 yellow silc 24 21 5.9 22.4 flake crushed P 6 grey pink silc 18.5 18.6 4.3 18.5 flake tool, straight edge scalar + usewear F/U 7 grey hornfels 20 15 5.5 17.3 block 8 red silcrete 9.6 16.5 4 12.6 flake distal B/U 9 fine grey silc coarse beige silc 18.7 13 16 14 5 4 17.3 13.5 flake tool, 1 nosed edge, lstraight flake edge, scalar + usewear B/U B/U F P10 11 coarse beige silc 14 13 3 13.5 flake B/Bif H 12 coarse beige silc 12.8 9 2 10.7 flake crushed F 13 fine beige silc 18.6 10 5 13.6 flake 15% crushed F 14 grey pink silc 10 16 3 12.6 flake 25% crushed crushed 15 grey pink silc 16 11 10 13.3 core bipolar split 16 grey sile 11 18 7.6 14.1 flake proximal 50% F/U 17 grey silc 16 10 3.5 12.6 flake crushed crushed 18 pink qtzite 16 12 5 13.9 flake split cone crushed crushed 19 grey silc 9 9 2.7 9.0 flake proximal B/Bif 20 pink silcrete 12.6 9.5 3.3 10.9 flake B/U F 21 coarse beige silc 12 7 3 9.2 flake crushed crushed 86 Appendix 5.5 Tchelery 1.1 Data 22 coarse beige silc 10 12 3 11.0 flake crushed _ H 23 chert 12 7 3 9.2 flake B/Bif F 24 coarse grey site 13 12 5 12.5 flake proximal crushed 25 coarse grey silc 15 9 4 11.6 flake crushed crushed 26 coarse grey silc 12 8 4.5 9.8 flake B/U F 27 red silcrete 11 9 2.3 9.9 flake crushed F 28 grey silc 14 10 4.4 11.8 flake B/U P 29 fine grey site 11 8.6 3 9.7 flake crushed crushed 30 red silcrete 10 5 2.8 7.1 flake B/U F 31 grey silcrete 8 7 2 7.5 flake fragment 32 grey silcrete 11 4.5 3 7.0 flake crushed A 33 qtz 13 17 5 14.9 flake crushed crushed 34 qtz 10 15 4 12.2 flake crushed F 45 qtz 17 13 4 14.9 flake crushed crushed 46 qtz 13 9 2 10.8 flake F/U F 47 qtz 13 18 7 15.3 flake crushed A 48 qtz 20 10 3 14.1 flake crushed crushed 49 qtz 10 8 4.5 8.9 flake crushed crushed 50 qtz 11.5 9 3.7 10.2 flake crushed crushed D:7 . . 1 grey silc 21 16 11 bipolar split core . 2 sandstone 28 12 5.5 block off grinding dish? -no ground surface 3 qtz 18 14 4 flake crushed crushed 4 qtz 16 12 3 flake crushed F 5 qtz 11 11 2.6 flake 40 off pebble crushed crushed 6 qtz 10 9 2.4 flake crushed _ F 7 qtz 12 13 4.5 flake crushed crushed 8 qtz 11 7 2.4 flake crushed crushed 9 qtz 16.7 7.3 4.4 flake crushed crushed 87 Appendix 5.5 Tchelery 1.1 Data 10 qtz 9 5 2 , flake crushed feather 11 qtz 9 8.6 3 flake crushed crushed 12 qtz 10 6 3.8 flake fragment . • 13 chert 15 13 4 flake tool scalar + usewear crushed abrupt 14 chert 12 8 3 flake potlid crushed crushed 15 coarse grey silc 16 12 4.5 flake fragment - - 16 coarse grey silc 11 8 2.5 flake proximal crushed . 17 qtzite 10 7 2 flake fragment . • 18 grey silcrete 9 8 1.5 flake F/U feather 19 silcrete 12 9 1.2 flake crushed feather 20 black qtzite 17 9 2 flake F/U feather 21 black qtzite 12 8 2 flake 3 potlids F/U feather 22 black qtzite 15 7 5 block . • 23 chert 8 11 3.3 flake crushed feather 24 black qtzite 14 8 4 flake proximal . feather 25 silcrete 7 12 3.9 flake B/U hinge 26 silcrete 10 6.5 4 flake B/U feather 27 black qtzite 9 8 2.6 flake fragment . • 28 qtz 13 5 2 flake crushed crushed 29 silcrete 12 6 2 flake F/U _plunge 30 silcrete 7.4 7.5 2.2 flake F/U feather 31 silcrete 17 8 5 block . . 32 silcrete 10 9 4 flake fragment , . 33 silcrete 13.5 8 3 flake crushed crushed 34 pink silcrete 10.5 8.6 2 flake crushed feather A7. . . . . . • 1 red silcrete 15 19 15 bipolar split core . - 2 coarse grey silc 21 20 8.5 flake - core resharpening F/U abrupt 3 red silcrete 16 11 4 flake -conchoidal B/Bif abrupt 4 red silcrete 13 11 5 flake crushed feather 88 Appendix 5.5 Tchele 1.1 Data 5 red silcrete 13 8 4 flake I B/U feather 6 pink silcrete 10.6 13 2 flake tool - thumbnail with step/usewear crushed plunge 7 pink silcrete 11 14 2 flake B/U abrupt 8 red silcrete 14 11 5 flake crushed feather 9 red silcrete 10 7 2 flake B/U feather 10 red silcrete 15 11 4 flake B/U feather 11 yellow silc 15 9 4 flake crushed plunge 12 yellow silc 12 8 2.6 flake B/Bif abrupt 13 pink silcrete 13 10 2 flake split cone 15 B/U feather 14 red silcrete 15 6 4 flake fragment . 15 grey silc 14 9 4 flake tool broken thumbnail crushed crushed 16 cream silc 12 9 2 flake crushed feather 17 cream silc 11 12 2 flake 10 B/U feather 18 fine grey silc 10 6 2 flake crushed feather 19 fine grey silc fine grey sile 9 9 10 11 5 4 flake fragment flake tool triangular scalar -broken . . 20 21 fine grey silc 10 7 6 block . 22 pink silcrete 9 8 2 flake fragment . . 23 fine grey silc 10 8 6 block . 24 qtz 17 9 6 flake crushed crushed 25 qtz 12 12 4 flake 50 off pebble crushed feather 26 qtz 12 9 5 flake B/U feather 27 qtz 14 8 4 flake split cone crushed crushed 28 qtz 11 7 7 flake 60 crushed abrupt 29 qtz 8 12 2 flake crushed feather 30 qtz qtz 9 12 10 6 3 4 flake block B/U B/U plunge plunge31 32 qtz . . . 137 . 1 sandstone 32 25 7.6 thin tabular grinding material - no sheen . 2 fine grey silc 16 12 4 flake tool geometric b.blade B/U abrupt 3 red qtzite 22 18 3 flake 40 off pebble F/U feather 89 Appendix 5.5 Tchelery 1.1 Data 4 black qtzite 16 12 3.5 flake 60 off pebble crushed crushed 5 cream qtzite . 8 8 1.5 flake 5 B/U feather 6 black qtzite 14 11 3 flake tool snapped b.blade . . 7 red silcrete 14 9 5 flake crushed feather 8 grey silcrete 11 18 3.7 flake crushed feather 9 grey silcrete 14 15 6 flake proximal F/U . 10 grey silc 12 10 3 flake 20 B/U abrupt 11 grey qtzite 12 14 5 flake proximal crushed . 12 fine grey silc 12 7 7 flake 10 crushed crushed 13 grey silcrete 12 8 3 flake F/U feather 14 qtz 13 8 2.5 flake crushed crushed 15 qtz 13 11 3 flake proximal crushed . 16 qtz 10 15 5 flake proximal crushed . 17 qtz 10 6 2 flake crushed crushed D9. . 1 red chert 21 7 6 manuport pebble . . 2 fine grey silc 17 28 6 flake burnt crushed feather 3 grey silcrete 22 12 3.6 flake crushed feather 4 grey silcrete 15 10 2 flake F/U feather 5 grey silcrete 11 9 2 flake crushed hinge 6 grey silcrete 19 14 3 flake crushed feather 7 cream silc 12 9 1.7 flake crushed crushed 8 black qtzite 8 13 2 flake B/U feather 9 pink silcrete 8 9.8 3 flake proximal crushed . 10 qtz 9 14 3 flake proximal crushed . 11 pink grey sil 15 9 6 flake F/U plunge 12 black qtzite 13 8 3 flake B/U feather 13 grey silcrete 11 7 2 flake crushed crushed 14 grey silcrete 8 9 2 flake proximal B/U . 15 grey silcrete 11 11 3 flake distal . feather 16 grey silcrete 12 7 3 flake split cone crushed abrupt 17 grey silcrete 10 7 4 flake fragment . . 90 Appendix 5.5 Tchelery 1.1 Data 18 qtz 13 11 2 flake B/U feather 19 gtz qtz 8 11 14 8 3 4 flake fragment flake crushed . crushed20 21 qtz 12 6 4 flake crushed crushed 22 _9 tz 9 B9. 11 4 flake crushed crushed . 1 red silcrete 14.5 13 5.8 backed blade backing 3 sides, usewear on chord? . , 2 grey qtzite 18.4 12.5 2 backed blade backing 3 sides . feather 3 pink qtzite 21.5 8 2.6 blade B/U abrupt 4 grey qtzite 22 23 3.3 flake proximal off mortar crushed . 5 grey qtzite 26 16 9.5 block . 6 white qtzite 14 14 3 flake tool notch B/Bif feather 7 qtz 15 9.5 4 flake bipolar B/U abrupt 8 chert 19 13 4.7 flake tool usewear? F/U feather 9 pink grey sil 19 14 5 flake tool 10 scalar distal edge crushed feather 10 _yellow silc clear qtz 9.5 14 8.7 8 6 2 flake fragment block 20 pebble, hstone? , . . 11 12 qtz 12 6 6 flake fragment 10 13 black homfels 17 8 7 flake bipolar B/U crushed 14 cream silc 15 9 2 flake blade F/U feather 15 pink grey sil 12.6 8 2.3 flake 15 off pebble B/U plunge 16 grey silcrete 16 11 7 flake 65 decort. Bipolar crushed abrupt 17 qtz 10.5 6 3 flake crushed crushed 18 red silcrete 6.5 10 3 flake fragment .. 19 grey silcrete 6 13 3.3 flake proximal crushed . 20 grey silcrete 8 10 2.6 flake fragment .. 21 chert 12.5 8.7 4 block . 22 chert 14 7.5 5 flake B/U plunge 23 pink grey sil 11 8 2.5 flake crushed feather 91 ARTEFACT TYPES o e," \L- 'cc&,s,0° 0). 6e' \e, \q,? .\t? \\O\e/ •.c)6 \sb. `C■'2) c.,\t-c' os is.(P o el \c)? ,1/4§Z 'bGP sc\.? 4 \,",? e eic(\ s'•? ce 6 re) *•e\'<' ARTEFACT TYPES 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Appendix 5.6 Gundaline Artefact Data Figure 5.6.1 Gundaline Sample Artefacts 92 G-OS-1 AVERAGE LENGTH OF ARTEFACT TYPE w? u- i 1 wi ? 0 cc ---Jर L- ? 0z? .,8 ३l- -? ,_00 ....t o F--1.0 0 cn tiice ? L.I.J? 0 ? ce? Hॣ5 ? L.L. 2 D ARTEFACT TYPE U _J Appendix 5.6 Gundaline Artefact Data 70 60 50 Z 40 H z 3°w —1 20 10 93 Appendix 5.6 Gundaline Artefact Data Table 5.6.1 Gundaline Stone Artefact Data WINDOW SAMPLE NO. AREA M GPS E G-OS-1 main 180X20m GPS N NO. MATERIAL L W T SQRT ARTEFACT TYPE CORTEX RETOUCH/USE PLATFORM TERMINAT. (FIB L X W Core, Flake, Block, Tool... % scalar/step/cus/U &U/BIF) (F/H/P/A) SANDSTONE 12 fine beige 45.4 33.9 13.8 fragment of seed grinding well cemented dish -soft seeds trimmed edge sandstone 128 11 36 25.4 5.3 110 coarse beige 43.3 26.7 20.3 poorly cemented s.s 176 fine orange 41 39 8.9 well cemented S.S 172 fine beige 7 fragments of seed grinding well cemented dish, 6 of which fit together s.s 80 75 14 b 222 125 16 122 113 11 d 101 71 14 114 100 11 f 52 35 6 g 128 71 17 ground face, sheen ground face, sheen ground face, trimmed edge ground face, sheen ground surface with sheen 4 grinding facets trimmed edge 94 Appendix 5.6 Gundaline Artefact Data 178a fine grey fragment of seed grinding ground top and bottom well cemented equipment for soft seeds trimmed edge . s.s may be topstone 178b fine orange 33 21.6 6.9 fragment of seed grinding ground surface, sheen well cemented dish -soft seeds . s.s 109 pink granite 89.7 59.6 33.6 top grinder? wet stone? one facet with grinding rounded granite pebble and sheen 135 grey brown 49.5 46.5 34.3 fragment of mortor with bowl with pitting well cemented part of bowl visible ground surface on sides . s.s bottom and sides show some and bottom, sides hammer polish which may indicate trimmed was also used as a topstone 55 _yellow 16.8 13.4 4 fragment of seed grinding dish? surface not ground well cemented s.s 5 II 28 21.7 4.5 fragment of seed grinding very thin and recently equipment -soft seeds snapped (sheep?) ground surface with sheen 127 coarse beige 20.8 14.8 8 fragment of seed grinding ground surface with sheen s.s equipment -soft seeds 143 red well 24.7 18.1 6 fragment of soft seed ground surface and sheen cemented s.s grinding equipment 95 Appendix 5.6 Gundaline Artefact Data 111 beige well 21.8 11 6 fragment of soft seed ground surface cemented s.s grinding equipment SILCRETE 44 pink silcrete60.2 60.2 38.5 30.6 core-unidirectional 25% blades removed, blade scars 29,24 &25 mm 20 _grey silcrete 14.3 11 2.3 blade distal usewear 10 fl 21 18.8 3.8 blade proximal B/BIF 120 yell silcrete 16.7 27.5 5 flake proximal crushed 11 red/grey 12.4 17.6 7 flake proximal F/U silcrete 42 red silcrete 16 12 5.5 flake fragment, split cone B/U 43 grey silcrete 15 10.8 5.8 flake tool 10% scalar retouch 1 side crushed A 46 brown sil 10.7 7.3 2.6 flake crushed F 126 red/grey 12.3 10 2.6 flake fragment, split cone 10% sil 164 17.5 12.2 3.1 blade 10% crushed F 2 20 14.9 10 block 20% 153 yell sil 10.8 10.5 2.5 blade proximal F/U 96 Appendix 5.6 Gundaline Artefact Data 154 red/grey sil 8.3 7 2 flake F/U F 107 pink sil 16.9 12.3 2.6 flake B/U F 108 _yell sil 7.8 6.8 2.8 ? flake distal? ? ? F 63 pink sil 10.2 6.4 1.5 bladlet F/U F 47 grey silcrete 19.2 8.7 2.7 blade B/U P 48 grey sil 11.5 13.8 4.1 blade proximal 10% F/BIF 100 10.8 7.5 2.3 geometric backed blade edge damage on chord? backing on 3 sides 9 11.5 18.6 5.4 flake fragment 15% 3 12.8 8.2 3.3 [lake crushed F 7 o 20.6 15.2 3 blade proximal F/U 13 red sil 11.2 9.2 2.5 blade proximal F/U 36 red silcrete 10.5 9.3 2.9 blade proximal F/U 72 pink silcrete 15.8 10.5 4.2 flake s lit cone 10% 52 red silcrete 18.6 10.1 3.8 blade F/U P 90 red silcrete 7.5 8.6 2.1 1-"t-...._1.- --- ? ? F/U 29 yellow sil 20 15 3.6 blade crushed crushed 97 Appendix 5.6 Gundaline Artefact Data 131 yellow sil 14.8 7.8 2.2 blade proximal crushed 156 red silcrete 17 16.4 5 flake B/U F 157 grey silcrete 16.5 12.7 3 blade proximal F/U 158 yellow sil 7.3 5 1.5 bladelet proximal crushed 159 orange sil 12.8 9.8 3.2 flake with blade scar F/U H 129 red/grey sil 12 11 5.6 block 68 grey silcrete 15 8.4 3.1 flake split cone 10% F/U ? 24 pink/grey 19.5 9 3.7 geometric backed blade backing unfinished sil unfinished tool 134 pink sil 12.6 9 1.4 blade F/U F 17 orange sil 11.7 15.3 5 flake 10% B/U F 25 red silcrete 16.3 11.5 2.2 blade crushed F 26 red sil 12.7 6.8 5.2. flake fragment 61 brown sil 10 9.3 1.5 blade proximal B/U 101 grey sil 17 12 4 blade proximal B/U 58 beige sii 17.2 8.9 4.7 micro-adze tool heavy step flaking 8 silcrete 10 10 4.5 flake fragment 98 Appendix 5.6 Gundaline Artefact Data 19 red silcrete 18.5 28.4 7.7 flake tool 20% usewear F/U A 141 grey sil 18.7 17 4.4 flake 20% F/U F 104 red silcrete 22.4 8.3 3.3 blade tool with notch notch and point broken off B/U F may have been a graver 121 red sil 13 8 3.5 flake proximal blade scars crushed 102 grey sil 10.6 6.9 2.2 blade fragment 103 red sil 19.9 14.2 4.6 flake crushed crushed 95 red sil 11.2 6.8 2.8 flake B/U A 96 red sil 12.8 5.1 2.7 flake F/U F 167 red sil 8.9 7.9 1.7 flake proximal F/U 168 beige sil 17.4 10.7 6.2 flake split cone F/U? F 169 beige sil 16.6 12.3 4.7 flake proximal F/U 69 pink sil 9.4 6.6 1.2 flake crushed crushed 94 grey sil 8.1 6 3.2 flake fragment 77 red silcrete 11 10.5 2.1 blade proximal F/U 78 grey sil 12.6 9.9 3 flake fragment 99 Appendix 5.6 Gundaline Artefact Data 27 grey sil 11.8 10.2 6 flake distal 28 grey sil 8 6.7 3 flake fragment 14 grey sil 16.2 12.8 4.7 flake split cone 10% crushed crushed 81 red silcrete 9.1 7.6 1.7 flake split cone F/U 82 beige sil 6.7 7.1 1.6 flake F/U 3 grey sil 14.1 13.2 4.4 flake tool scalar retouch one side crushed 144 pink sil 14.5 10.5 1.8 flake proximal B/U 145 red silcrete 13.7 13.7 4.5 flake 15% F/U 146 red sil 10.3 4.5 1.8 flake fragment 147 red sil 8.2 5.8 1.3 flake fragment 115 beige sil 12.8 12 2.4 flake crushed 125 red silcrete 15.2 8.5 3.5 backed blade 10% backing, unfinished,only 1/4 backed removed 84 grey sil 14 12.6 2 flake fragment 85 orange sil 7.7 10.1 2.8 flake distal 49 brown sil 15.8 12.8 2.5 flake crushed 51 beige sil 11.4 6.6 3 flake fragment 100 Appendix 5.6 Gundaline Artefact Data 112 beige sil 12.6 6.8 2 blade tool usewear 89 red silcrete 19.8 9.9 2.8 blade crushed F 119 red sil 9.3 8.3 2 flake fragment 123 red sil 8.4 13 3.7 blade fragment 124 beige sil 8 6.5 4.8? ' flake fragment 87 beige sil 12.1 7.8 2.4 blade crushed F 93 red silcrete 13.5 10.1 5.6 flake F/bifacial A 15 grey sil 37.1 21.6 7.3 flake B/U P QUARTZITE 32 beige qtzite 13.1 9.2 2.6 blade proximal ? ? B/U 33 qtzite 14 11 2.3 small polished flat pebble no known use 31 grey qtzite 15.4 12.5 3.1 ? flake scalar retouch one side split cone F 21 II 22.4 16.8 8.6 core-bipolar split 30% pebble cortex, crushing II 22 22 15.3 bipolar core crushing 45 brown qt:Lite 17.7 14.7 5.1 flake crushed A 136 pink qtzite 16.9 2.8 2.9 flake crushed F 101 Appendix 5.6 Gundaline Artefact Data 54 grey qtzite 10 7.6 2.2 flake fragment distal F 37 white qtzite 22.5 17.7 5 flake tool scalar retouch -straight B/U F side 132 black qtzite 10 6 1.7 blade fragment 31 brown qtzite 1504 11.5 3.6 flake fragment tool usewear split cone 56 black qtzite 32 15.8 9.6 block 40% pebble 116 II 28 19 16 block 15% pebble scalar retouch on straight B/U P57 yellow qtzite 31.2 16.9 7.7 flake tool edge, usewear on opposite edge 92 yellow qtzite 12.5 10.6 2.2 flake crushed F 139 " 17.2 8.6 6.1 flake fragment 122 black qtzite 18.2 10 5 block 38 brown qtzite30.1 19.4 16 pebble, manuport 100% 39 white qtzite 10.1 7.2 3.9 flake fragment OTHER 148 mudstone 15.2 10.6 5.5 flake proximal ? possible usewear crushed siliceous polishing on one side 102 Appendix 5.6 Gundaline Artefact Data 30 pink chert 19.3 13.9 113 bipolar core - blade core 10% blade removed 15.9mm 142 brown sil. 30.6 20.1 7.5 flake crushed F mudstone 80 mudstone 11.8 8.6 3.6 flake crushed F siliceous QUARTZ 64 white quartz 12.1 8.7 3.6 flake distal A 16 II 8.6 6 2 flake fragment 16 II 11.8 10 4 flake fragment 23 clear quartz broken micro thumbnail scalar scraper 137 grey quartz 24.4 13.4 8 flake crushed F 138 white qtz 20.6 13.9 6.9 block split off bipolar core 25% crushed crushed pebble 60 crystal qtz 8.4 8 2.8 flake fragment 71 white quartz 12.5 6.3 4 flake crushed F 16 white qtz 18 16 4 flake fragment 133 white qtz 18 12 7.8 block 18 white qtz 17 8.5 5.6 flake fragment 9 white qtz 12.3 7 5.5 block 103 Appendix 5.6 Gundaline Artefact Data 59 white qtz 12.6 11.2 5.2 flake crushed crushed 98 white qtz 15.5 10.8 7.7 block 130 white qtz 22.7 16.7 11.2 core bipolar split 155 white qtz 27.5 23.3 17.5 core bipolar 91 white il tz 7.9 5.2 2.1 flake crushed F 140 clear qtz 10.4 8.5 2.6 flake fragment 105 white qtz 7.5 7.2 2.5 flake fragment 106 quartz 8.7 5.6 2.8 flake fragment 40 quartz 9.7 4.6 2.6 flake fragment 41 clear qtz 5.8 4 2.5 flake fragment 5 clear qtz 13.5 7.7 3.4 flake crushed F 6 white qtz 8 6.8 2.9 flake fragment 97 quartz 9.8 6.7 5.4 block 74 white qtz 9.3 6.2 3 flake 60% crushed F 75 grey qtz 7 5.6 2.9 flake fragment 76 clear qtz 8 3.6 3 flake fragment 104 Appendix 5.6 Gundaline Artefact Data 170 clear qtz 10.4 7.8 2.4 flake fragment 10% 171 white quartz 8.9 5.3 3.3 flake fragment 117 quartz 11.7 6.9 5.7 block 10% 118 quartz 10.3 6 3.5 flake fragment 79 quartz 11 7.5 5 block 83 quartz 9.9 4.5 2.6 flake fragment 4 quartz 12.2 7.3 6 block 149 grey qtz 10.3 7.4 2.8 flake crushed crushed 150 white qtz 13.5 9.9 4.1 flake fragment 151 quartz 13.8 13 7.4 block 152 clear qtz 8.3 7.4 3.3 flake fragment 1 white qtz 18.2 14.7 4.2 flake tool off pebble 50% usewear& scalar retouch F/U F on tip 2 white qtz 7.8 5.6 1.6 flake fragment 161) white qtz 14 7.6 5 flake crushed A 161 white qtz 8.6 6.7 2.9 flake fragment 105 Appendix 5.6 Gundaline Artefact Data 65 white qtz 8.1 12.4 3.5 flake fragment 66 grey qtz 10 6.3 5.6 block off pebble 20% 86 white qtz 7 5.6 2 flake fragment 50 white qtz 15 11.5 7.3 block 113 white qtz 13.1 8.8 5.2 flake tool usewear crushed A 114 yellow qtz 15.6 8 7 pebble manuport 162 white qtz 11.6 9.4 5.7 flake crushed F 163 clear qtz 11.8 7.6 3 flake with crystal face 15% crushed F 88 white qtz 13 12 3.7 flake B/U F 106