Dromedary camel value chains present significant opportunities for attracting investors and reinvesting in rangeland restoration. Despite declining productivity and limited development of dromedary milk products, the sector remains crucial for its resilience in arid ecosystems and socioeconomic importance in the southern regions of Tunisia. The authors take a reflective approach to explore the potential of dromedary value chains in Tunisia. The study highlights the dual benefits of investing in these value chains, to drive economic development and environmental conservation, by employing a combination of desk review, key informant interviews (n = 11), and SWOT analysis. The sector assessment reveals statistical complexities and fluctuations in milk and meat production. Key informant interviews gathered insights from breeders, processors, traders, policymakers, and experts on challenges, opportunities, and feasibility of investment and rangeland restoration initiatives. The SWOT analysis identified internal strengths and weaknesses in the dromedary sector and external opportunities and threats. Recommendations include modernizing dromedary camel farming (settled, semi-intensive systems) and herding practices (nomadic and extensive pastoralism), transitioning to sustainable breeding and fattening, improving biosecurity and veterinary services, and enhancing feed management and genetic improvement. Strengthening value chains involves investing in processing infrastructure, marketing, product diversification, and structured milk collection networks. Integrated rangeland management includes cultivating fodder crops and protecting vegetation cover. Governance improvements through dromedary breeder associations, stakeholder engagement, and effective regulation are also crucial. Findings may inform policymakers, development agencies, financial institutions, and private investors about the dromedary sector’s potential in Tunisia, guide targeted interventions for growth and sustainability, and provide pathways to rangeland restoration. By addressing challenges and leveraging unique capabilities, dromedary value chains can drive economic development, environmental conservation, and social resilience in the region.